Measurement of the Risk for Substance Use Disorders: Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of an Index of Common Liability

Vanyukov, Michael; Kirisci, Levent; Moss, Lisa; Tarter, Ralph E.; Reynolds, Maureen; Maher, Brion S.; Kirillova, Galina P.; Ridenour, Ty; Clark, Duncan B.

doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9269-9

Cited by 82 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Variation in liability to drug use initiation can be explained by shared and non-shared environment [45,46] , in contrast to liability to SUD where the genetic component of variance is predominant [47,48] . The co-existence of both GT and CLM in our model, which only explores initiation sequences, is thus not surprising.…”

Section: Common Liability To Addictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Mayet¹,

Legleye

Beck

et al. 2015

Eur Addict Res

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Background: The aim of this study was to describe the transitions between tobacco (T), cannabis (C) and other illicit drugs (OIDs) initiations, to simultaneously explore several substance use theories: gateway theory (GT), common liability model (CLM) and route of administration model (RAM). Methods: Data from 2 French nationwide surveys conducted in 2005 and 2010 were used (16,421 subjects aged 18-34). Using reported ages at initiations, we reconstituted a retrospective cohort describing all initiation sequences between T, C and OID. Transition probabilities between the substances were computed using a Markov multi-state model that also tested the effect of 2 latent variables (item response theory scores reflecting propensity for early onset and further substance use) on all transitions. Results: T initiation was associated with increased likelihood of subsequent C initiation, but the reverse relationship was also observed. While the most likely initiation sequence among subjects who initiated the 3 groups of substances was the ‘gateway' sequence T → C → OID, this pattern was not associated with substance use propensity more than alternative sequences. Early use propensity was associated with the ‘gateway' sequence but also with some alternative ones beginning with T, C or OID. Conclusion: If the gateway sequence appears as the most likely pattern, in line with GT, the effects of early onset and substance use propensities were also observed for some alternative sequences, which is more in line with CLM. RAM could explain reciprocal interactions observed between T and C. This suggests shared influences of individual (personality traits) and environmental (substance availability, peer influence) characteristics.

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Section: Common Liability To Addictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Mayet¹,

Legleye

Beck

et al. 2015

Eur Addict Res

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“…Despite the pathogenetic heterogeneity of addictions, both a single common (non-drug-specific) liability dimension and the feasibility of its measurement are supported by clinical, neurobiological, genetic, and statistical findings [7,[32][33][34]. Substance-specific mechanisms of metabolism and neurobiology notwithstanding, substantial commonality exist among the different substance use disorder categories.…”

Section: Resistance To Drug Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An opportunity for that is afforded by the combination of continuous liability indices such as Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) [33], a validated childhood measure of adult liability to addiction, and the longitudinal data-from childhood to an adult clinical outcome. Briefly, transmissible liability is the component of phenotypic variance that is correlated between generations, via genetic and/or environmental mechanisms, based on the model partitioning liability variance into two components, transmissible and nontransmissible [62,63].…”

Section: Approaches To Measurement Mechanisms and Predictors Of Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk and resistance perspectives in translation-oriented etiology research

Vanyukov

Tarter

Conway

et al. 2015

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Risk for a disorder and the mechanisms that determine its elevation, risk factors, are the focus of medical research. Targeting risk factors should serve the goal of prevention and treatment intervention. Risk, however, is but one of the aspects of liability to a disorder, a latent trait that encompasses effects of all factors leading to or from the diagnostic threshold. The coequal but opposite aspect of liability is resistance to a disorder. The factors that increase resistance and thus enable prevention or recovery may differ from those that elevate risk. Accordingly, there are nontrivial differences between research perspectives that focus on risk and on resistance. This article shows how this distinction translates into goals and methods of research and practice, from the choice of potential mechanisms tested to the results sought in intervention. The resistance concept also differs from those of Bresilience^and Bprotective factors,^subsuming but not limited to them. The implications of the concept are discussed using substance use disorder as an example and substantiate the need for biomedical research and its translation to shift to the resistance perspective. Keywords

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“…14 Diverse characteristics reflecting psychological self-regulation comprise a continuous trait. Termed the transmissible liability index (TLI) 10 twin studies reveal that 75% 64 to 85% 10 of score variance is heritable. Moreover, the TLI distinguishes boys according to presence/absence of substance use disorder in their fathers and predicts substance use disorder by early adulthood.…”

Section: Etiology Of Cannabis Use Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Researching the Etiology of Cannabis Use Disorder: Integrating Transmissible and Nontransmissible Risk within a Developmental Framework

2014

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Rapidly occurring changes in law enforcement and licensing of retail outlets to sell marijuana raises the prospect that the population of consumers will expand and accordingly the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) will increase. This report presents a novel approach to researching CUD etiology joining multivariate and ontogenetic perspectives. CUD is conceptualized as a developmental outcome consisting of transmissible (intergenerational) and non-transmissible components. Partitioning the liability for CUD into these two dimensions enables implementing interventions targeted at the particular source and severity of risk. In addition, results showing that infant temperament disturbances predict transmissible risk leading to CUD two decades later underscore the importance of implementing early prevention.

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Measurement of the Risk for Substance Use Disorders: Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of an Index of Common Liability

Cited by 82 publications

References 32 publications

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Risk and resistance perspectives in translation-oriented etiology research

A New Approach to Researching the Etiology of Cannabis Use Disorder: Integrating Transmissible and Nontransmissible Risk within a Developmental Framework

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