Measurement of the subarachnoid space by ultrasound in preterm infants

Armstrong, D L; Bagnall, Carol; Harding, Jane E.; Teele, RL

doi:10.1136/fn.86.2.f124

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, the difference between initial and follow up scans suggested reduced brain growth in extrauterine preterm babies. 62 Another study confirmed the relationship between gestational age and transverse cerebellar diameter. 63 Doppler ultrasound parameters can serve as a tool for predicting developmental delay.…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

Neonatal cranial ultrasound: current perspectives

Franco¹,

Lewis²

2013

RMI

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Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used in the neonatal intensive care unit. It is portable, readily available, and can be used at bedside. It is the least expensive cross sectional imaging modality and the safest imaging device used in the pediatric population due to its lack of ionizing radiation. There are well established indications for cranial ultrasound in many neonatal patient groups including preterm infants and term infants with birth asphyxia, seizures, congenital infections, etc. Cranial ultrasound is performed with basic grayscale imaging, using a linear array or sector transducer via the anterior fontanel in the coronal and sagittal planes. Additional images can be obtained through the posterior fontanel in preterm newborns. The mastoid fontanel can be used for assessment of the posterior fossa. Doppler images may be obtained for screening of the vascular structures. The normal sonographic neonatal cranial anatomy and normal variants are discussed. The most common pathological findings in preterm newborns, such as germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, are described as well as congenital abnormalities such as holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum. New advances in sonographic equipment enable highresolution and three-dimensional images, which facilitate obtaining very accurate measurements of various anatomic structures such as the ventricles, the corpus callosum, and the cerebellar vermis. Limited studies have been performed to predict that longitudinal measurements of these anatomic structures might predict the clinical outcome of high-risk preterm newborns. Hemodynamic Doppler studies may offer the potential for early intervention and treatment to counter the hazards of developmental delay and a moribund clinical outcome.

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supporting

confidence: 52%

Neonatal cranial ultrasound: current perspectives

Franco¹,

Lewis²

2013

RMI

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“…Two different studies found a close correlation between head circumference and brain development; however they reported that SAS measurements may be more valuable than head circumference measurements (12,15). In our study the SAS and VW values of mature-premature newborns were in accordance with head circumference values and larger in mature newborns.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The initial mean SAS value was 1.56 mm, with mean at 36 weeks 1.94 mm and a weekly increase of 0.02 mm reported (12). In this study, the distance of the CC of the SAS was measured between 1.34-2.22 mm in premature newborn and was similar to previous studies.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Sonographic measurement of subarachnoid space and ventricular width in premature and mature newborns

Öztürk¹

2017

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: We aimed to measure the subarachnoid space and ventricular width with transfontanel sonography in premature and mature newborns and to identify the subarachnoid space/ventricular width ratio. Material and method: This prospective study included 123 premature and 121 mature newborns, totally 244 cases. All cases had sonographic investigation from the anterior fontanel with 4.8-11.0 MHz linear transducer. The subarachnoid space/ventricular width ratio was calculated. Analysis of variables was completed with SPSS 22.0 program; and independent samples T test was used for the comparisons between the groups. Results: The birth week, head circumference, weight and height values of mature newborns were higher compared to the premature newborns (p<0.001, for each). The subarachnoid space and ventricular width values for mature and premature newborns were 3.13±0.39 mm, 1.79±0.45 mm, and 3.45±0.47 mm and 2.02±0.54 mm, respectively (p<0.001, for each). The subarachnoid space/ventricular width ratios were 0.90±0.02 and 0.89±0.05 in mature and premature newborns with no difference identified between the groups (p=0.432). The result of Receiver Operating Curve analysis was that the threshold values for premature-mature distinction were 2.29 mm for subarachnoid space and 2.49 mm for ventricular width; and the sensitivity and specificity for both values were found to be 100% (p<0.001, for each). Conclusion: Subarachnoid space and ventricular width values vary according to the birth week of newborns, though the subarachnoid space/ventricular width ratio is not different. Transfontanel sonography is a useful imaging method for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in newborns.

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“…2 Head circumference measurement has a low interrater agreement and limited association with longterm outcome and does not measure actual brain growth, but growth of the skull and the subarachnoid spaces, which are frequently enlarged in preterm infants. 5,6,25 Measurement of CCF length is not considered a burden compared with head circumference measurement because it can be performed on routine CUS, which is often recommended weekly in preterm infants. 26 Both CCF length and CC length can already be measured prenatally because the CC and the fastigium are visible on sonography at around 18 weeks of gestation; this feature allows the use of the same marker prenatally and postnatally for monitoring of brain growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%