Measurement of the total retinal blood flow using dual beam Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with orthogonal detection planes

Abstract

Abstract:We present a system capable of measuring the total retinal blood flow using a combination of dual beam Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with orthogonal detection planes and a fundus camera-based retinal vessel analyzer. Our results show a high degree of conformity of venous and arterial flows, which corroborates the validity of the measurements. In accordance with Murray's law, the log-log regression coefficient between vessel diameter and blood flow was found to be ~3. The blood's velocity scaled linearly with the vessel diameter at higher diameters (> 60 µm), but showed a clear divergence from the linear dependence at lower diameters. Good agreement with literature data and the large range and high measurement sensitivity point to a high potential for further investigations. 673-800 (1987). 33. J. E. Grunwald, C. E. Riva, J. Baine, and A. J. Brucker, "Total retinal volumetric blood flow rate in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control," Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33(2), 356-363 (1992). 34. J. E. Grunwald, J. DuPont, and C. E. Riva, "Retinal haemodynamics in patients with early diabetes mellitus," Br.J. Ophthalmol. 80(4), 327-331 (1996). 35. B. Pemp, E. Polska, G. Garhofer, M. Bayerle-Eder, A. Kautzky-Willer, and L. Schmetterer, "Retinal blood flow in type 1 diabetic patients with no or mild diabetic retinopathy during euglycemic clamp," Diabetes Care 33(9), 2038-2042 (2010 562-568 (1931). 39. T. W. Secomb and A. R. Pries, "Blood viscosity in microvessels: Experiment and theory," C. R. Phys. 14(6), 470-478 (2013). 40. E. Logean, L. Schmetterer, and C. E. Riva, "Velocity Profile of Red Blood Cells in Human Retinal Vessels using Confocal Scanning Laser Doppler Velocimetry," Laser Phys. 13, 45-51 (2003). 41. J. P. Garcia, Jr., P. T. Garcia, and R. B. Rosen, "Retinal blood flow in the normal human eye using the canon laser blood flowmeter," Ophthalmic Res. 34(5), 295-299 (2002)

Measurement of retinal blood flow in the rat by combining Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with fundus imaging

“…In humans, several techniques were realized to quantify retinal perfusion. 7,16,18,20,25,[31][32][33][34][35][36] In rats, a technique was proposed to measure the axial blood velocity in an en-face plane using raster scanning in a very small area around the central retinal artery. The retinal blood flow was calculated by integrating over the vessel area.…”

Study of blood microcirculation of pancreas in rats with alloxan diabetes by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging

“…Experimental diabetes in rats was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan with a dose of 220 mg/kg body weight of the animal. Alloxan disturbed pancreas functioning leading to development of diabetes in rats [6]. Status of diabetes was confirmed by the increase of glucose level in the blood that was tested by using a commercial glucometer Accu-Chek Active (Roche Diagnostics, Germany).…”

“…Currently, the most effective diagnostic methods for determining the physiological parameters of blood flow and microcirculation are the methods based on dynamic light scattering [5], as well as on principles of lowcoherence optical coherence tomography (OCT), the so called Doppler OCT (DOCT) [6][7][8]. One of the prospective methods for the assessment of blood flow is the Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Measurement of Retinal Vascular Caliber From Optical Coherence Tomography Phase Images

“…12,13 The studies were undertaken to measure total retinal blood flow and total retinal oxygen extraction in healthy subjects. The study protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna and followed the guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki.…”