Measurement of the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the skin tissue under uniaxial loading

Karimi, Alireza; Haghighatnama, Maedeh; Shojaei, Ahmad; Navidbakhsh, Mahdi; Haghi, Afsaneh Motevalli; Sadati, Seyed Jafar Adnani

doi:10.1177/1464420715575169

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…It is biomechanically defined as a nonlinear, viscoelastic material. 1,2 It is also known to tolerate almost large deformation loads when removed from a subject's body. 3,4 The mechanical behavior of many biological tissues, such as skin, has a close relationship with their microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of the rat and mice skin tissues using histostructural and uniaxial data

2015

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The skin tissue has been shown to behave like a nonlinear anisotropic material. This study was aimed to employ a constitutive fiber family equation to characterize the nonlinear anisotropic mechanical behavior of the rat and mice skin tissues in different anatomical locations, including the abdomen and back, using histostructural and uniaxial data. The rat and mice skin tissues were excised from the animals' body and then the histological analyses were performed on each skin type to determine the mean fiber orientation angle. Afterward, the preconditioned skin tissues were subjected to a series of quasi-static axial and circumferential loads until the incidence of failure. The crucial role of fiber orientation was explicitly added into a proposed strain energy density function. The material coefficients were determined using the constrained nonlinear optimization method based on the axial and circumferential extension data of the rat and mice samples at different anatomical locations. The material coefficients of the skins were given with R 2 0.998. The results revealed a significant load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the rat abdomen compared to the rat back tissues. In addition, the mice abdomen showed a higher stiffness in the axial direction in comparison with circumferential one, while the mice back displayed its highest stiffness in the circumferential direction. The material coefficients of the rat and mice skin tissues were determined and well compared to the experimental data. The optimized fiber angles were also compared to the experimental histological data, and in all cases less than 11.85% differences were observed in both the skin tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characterization of the rat and mice skin tissues using histostructural and uniaxial data

2015

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“…However, viscosity on a larger characteristic time scale is also observed in the mechanical response of human skin in the form of stress relaxation. Karimi et al (2016) and Lokshin and Lanir (2009b) used one-and two-term Prony series, respectively, to describe this viscous behavior under uniaxial deformation. In the current model it can be implemented kinetically in the NSP x, in analogy with van Kempen et al (2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements on ex vivo animal skin were performed abundantly, mostly in uniaxial (Groves et al, 2013;Li and Xiaoyu, 2016;Lokshin and Lanir, 2009a;Bischoff, 2006;Karimi et al, 2015Karimi et al, , 2016Limbert, 2011) tests and a single multiaxial (Jor et al, 2011) tensile test. However, because of the well-known anatomical, biological and mechanical differences, it is difficult to translate these results to human skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other constitutive models described the mechanical behavior as linear elastic (Delalleau et al, 2006), nonlinear (hyper)elastic using Ogden (Groves et al, 2012(Groves et al, , 2013Jor et al, 2011;Li and Xiaoyu, 2016;Evans, 2009;Flynn et al, 2011Flynn et al, , 2011Karimi et al, 2015;Mahmud et al, 2012;Lapeer et al, 2010;Limbert, 2011), Mooney-Rivlin (Flynn et al, 2013;Hendriks et al, 2003), (extended) Neo-Hookean (Delalleau et al, 2008a(Delalleau et al, , 2011(Delalleau et al, , 2012, Kalman filters (Delalleau et al, 2008b), Tong-Fung (Kvistedal and Nielsen, 2009;Gambarotta et al, 2005) or viscoelastic (Lokshin and Lanir, 2009a;Khatyr et al, 2004;Holt et al, 2008;Bischoff, 2006;Karimi et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2015). The necessity to capture a certain level of mechanical complexity with a constitutive model is dependent on the application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of human skin under large amplitude oscillatory shear

Soetens

Vijven

Bader

et al. 2018

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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A B S T R A C TSkin mechanics is of importance in various fields of research when accurate predictions of the mechanical response of skin is essential. This study aims to develop a new constitutive model for human skin that is capable of describing the heterogeneous, nonlinear viscoelastic mechanical response of human skin under shear deformation. This complex mechanical response was determined by performing large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) experiments on ex vivo human skin samples. It was combined with digital image correlation (DIC) on the cross-sectional area to assess heterogeneity. The skin is modeled as a one-dimensional layered structure, with every sublayer behaving as a nonlinear viscoelastic material. Heterogeneity is implemented by varying the stiffness with skin depth. Using an iterative parameter estimation method all model parameters were optimized simultaneously. The model accurately captures strain stiffening, shear thinning, softening effect and nonlinear viscous dissipation, as experimentally observed in the mechanical response to LAOS. The heterogeneous properties described by the model were in good agreement with the experimental DIC results. The presented mathematical description forms the basis for a future constitutive model definition that, by implementation in a finite element method, has the capability of describing the full 3D mechanical behavior of human skin.

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“…The polynomial along with the other specialized form of the Ogden model can be written as [26][27][28] W…”

Section: Hyperelastic Materials Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the mechanical properties of the handball, volleyball, and basketball using DIC method: a combination of experimental, constitutive, and viscoelastic models

et al. 2015

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Many players and audiences nowadays are involved with hand sports, such as handball, volleyball, and basketball. The most important equipment of these games is ball. Each ball has its own characteristics and has to be made according to the rules of its federation. Many characteristics were defined for an approved handball, volleyball, and basketball by IHF, FIBA, and FIVB, respectively. These are including material properties, mass, pressure, etc. These characteristics so far have been well defined by many researchers to get the most efficient performance from a ball. Nonetheless, the mechanical properties of these balls so far have not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, this study was aimed to experimentally measure the compressive mechanical properties, including linear elastic, nonlinear hyperelastic, and viscoelastic (Prony series), of the handball, volleyball, and basketball using digital image correlation technique. To do this, 26 of each approved balls were mounted on a testing machine, and a set of quasi-static compressive and stress-relaxation loading were applied to them. The stress-strain and reduced relaxation function of the samples were calculated and compared. The results revealed the highest elastic modulus for the basketball (591 kPa), while the lowest one was observed for the handball (17 kPa). In addition, volleyball showed to be able to bear 5.941 and 1.615 times more stress compared to the handball and basketball, respectively. The hyperelastic material models, namely Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden, were employed to address the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the soccer balls. Finite element model of each ball was established as well and the obtained numerical data were found to be in good agreement with that of experimental ones. Many injuries to the human head have been attributed to these games due to the balls' high speed. However, so far these injuries to the human eye have not been studied. The findings of this study, therefore, may have implications not only for understanding the mechanical properties of the balls, but also for providing raw data to investigate the injury that can be occurred for the human body by these balls, especially the eye.

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Measurement of the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the skin tissue under uniaxial loading

Cited by 16 publications

References 79 publications

Mechanical characterization of the rat and mice skin tissues using histostructural and uniaxial data

Mechanical characterization of the rat and mice skin tissues using histostructural and uniaxial data

A model of human skin under large amplitude oscillatory shear

Measurement of the mechanical properties of the handball, volleyball, and basketball using DIC method: a combination of experimental, constitutive, and viscoelastic models

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