Measurement of tritium in the Sava and Danube Rivers

Grahek, Željko; Breznik, Borut; Stojković, Ivana; Coha, Ivana; Nikolov, Jovana; Todorović, Nataša

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.014

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…30 Tritium measurements were made under recommended conditions described in the literature. 31,32 Output of the results obtained by preparing the samples at the semi-automatic combustion equipment and measuring with the liquid scintillation analyzer: The conclusions drawn to date from the literature data show the disadvantages and limitations given by using of these combustors for the preparation of LSC measurable samples, and spot some causes and solutions. 11,33,34 The present article proposes an in-depth analysis of the causes, finding more practical and adaptable solutions on a case-by-case basis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐automatic combustion of environmental and biological samples on Oxidizer M307 and equivalents: New solutions for background reduction

Simion

Mocanu

Gâza

et al. 2019

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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The aim is to introduce and characterize a new experimental demonstrative model contributing to the increase of measurement accuracy, in terms of minimum detectable activity (MDA) and background reduction, for the analysis of samples having low concentrations in tritium and radiocarbon on Quantulus 1220. The clue is related to the qualitative and quantitative differences between tritium and carbon‐14 inventories of the pulp used to manufacture the cups involved in noncatalytic combustion of samples by flame oxidation method. The quality of the experimental results depends on the temporal origin of the wood from which the pulp/cellulose was extracted/purified, the specific inventory contributing to the threshold level of the MDA for the beta‐emitting radionuclide to be investigated. Finally, the aim is to create and to use such a 100% old cellulose combustion cups for determining low concentrations of these radionuclides. It may be obtained by an adapted technology following the literature data and may be recommended for routine analyses of environmental samples coming from areas with no nuclear or minor nuclear influences, and also for low‐level biological samples. This first attempt resulted in improvement of measurement performances up to 400% for carbon‐14 and by approximately 50% for tritium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi‐automatic combustion of environmental and biological samples on Oxidizer M307 and equivalents: New solutions for background reduction

Simion

Mocanu

Gâza

et al. 2019

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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“…Liquid scintillation counting was the method chosen for assessment of tritium concentrations in surface water samples taken from the Mlaka creek at three specific locations along its course through the PC NFS site. Liquid scintillation counting was used due to the fact that the values of tritium in the Danube and Sava River were low -1 to 2 Bq/L and 0.3 to 1 Bq/L, respectively [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of tritium concentration in Mlaka creek

Đorđević,

Lazarević,

Zđelarević

et al. 2023

Sci Tech Rev

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The main purpose of this paper was to determine tritium concentration in surface water samples, using liquid scintillation counting. Surface water samples were collected from the Mlaka creek on three different locations near PC "Nuclear Facilities of Serbia". The importance of tritium monitoring around nuclear reactors and nuclear waste storages is due to prevention of possible internal exposure through ingestion of drinking waters with elevated levels of tritium from existing water supply in their nearby. Tritium concentrations that have been measured during the period from 2017 to 2022 ranged from less than 2 Bq/L to 103 Bq/L.

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“…Since the amount of tritium-in T2O or HTO form-is present in the tap water samples at very low levels, it is, therefore, necessary to use a highly sensitive LSC with the lowest minimum detectable activity (MDA, Bq/L) for measuring tritium. Numerous recent studies have been especially focused on optimizing the counting performance for tritium analysis (Feng et al, 2020;Arun et al, 2019;Erchinger et al, 2017;Grahek et al, 2016). The results revealed that the main parameters affecting MDA were the volume ratios between the water samples and the scintillation cocktails, types of cocktails, types of LSC vials, and counting time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Tritium Measurement in Tap Water in Bangkok Area and Annual Dose Estimation

Sudprasert

Phattanasub²,

Srimork³

et al. 2022

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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Monitoring of tritium concentration in tap water is an essential tool to determine the effective dose received from tap water. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is a widely used technique for determining tritium in water. Due to the very low activity of tritium in tap water, its detection requires a high-efficiency LSC with the lowest minimum detectable activity (MDA). Low-level tritium analysis in tap water were performed in two LSC models using conventional distillation techniques. The optimal conditions with the lowest MDAs were applied to determine the tritium concentration in the tap water distributed from two main sources located in the Bangkok metropolitan region: Bang Khen and Maha Sawat water treatment plants (WTPs). Twenty-six tap water samples were collected from petrol stations located around both water treatment plants. The results revealed that the amount of tritium in the tap water around the Bangkhen WTP was between 1.88-2.63 Bq/L with an average of 2.28±0.28 Bq/L, whereas those from the Maha Sawat WTP were between 2.01-2.69 Bq/L with an average of 2.44±0.26 Bq/L, which are far below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limit (10,000 Bq/L) for drinking water. The annual effective dose (AED) for infants, children and adults obtained from tap water samples around the Bangkhen WTP were 0.010, 0.014, and 0.030 µSv/year, respectively, and those from the Maha Sawat WTP were 0.011, 0.015, and 0.032 µSv/year, respectively, which are far below the WHO’s guideline limit (100 µSv/year).

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Measurement of tritium in the Sava and Danube Rivers

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Semi‐automatic combustion of environmental and biological samples on Oxidizer M307 and equivalents: New solutions for background reduction

Semi‐automatic combustion of environmental and biological samples on Oxidizer M307 and equivalents: New solutions for background reduction

Determination of tritium concentration in Mlaka creek

Low-Level Tritium Measurement in Tap Water in Bangkok Area and Annual Dose Estimation

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