Measurement of unstable burning velocities of iso-octane–air mixtures at high pressure and the derivation of laminar burning velocities

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

“…The laminar burning velocity has been measured for a range of hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels for various conditions by Gülder [20,21], Metghalchi and Keck [22] and Bradley et al [23] among others. More recently, results have been reported by Gu et al [24] for methane, by Liao et al [25] and Bradley et al [26] for ethanol, by Al-Shahrany et al [27] for iso-octane, by Jerzembeck et al [28] for gasoline, by Gu et al [29] and Sarathy et al [30] for butanol, and by Beeckmann et al [31,32] for most of these fuels. A large database of fuel structure effects was also produced by Farrell et al [33]; these authors reported data derived from thermodynamic analysis of the pressure rise from explosions in a combustion vessel (typically at 3 bar, 450 K), following the approach of Metghalchi and Keck [22].…”

Measurements and correlations of turbulent burning velocities over wide ranges of fuels and elevated pressures

“…This implosion technique, with ignition at diametrically opposite spark electrodes has been employed to measure both laminar [1] and, in a fanstirred bomb, turbulent [2] burning velocities. In the latter, pressure measurements and schlieren high speed flame photography define the smoothed area of the turbulent flame front and the mass rate of burning during the implosions, to yield associated values of turbulent burning velocity, t u .…”

Instabilities and soot formation in spherically expanding, high pressure, rich, iso-octane-air flames

“…Cracking in spherically expanding laminar flames was investigated using Shlieren cinematography [3], and hydroxyl Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) [4]. The flames were generated in the fan stirred bomb at Leeds University.…”

“…The LII and Mie scattering were separated into different optical paths, and then directed onto two separate ICCD cameras. Figure 1 shows a Schlieren image of a stoichiometric iso-octane-air spherical explosion flame obtained in the Leeds bomb at 5 bar pressure [3]. The flame radius is approximately 60 mm (Peclet no.…”