Measurement of urinary beta core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in women with vulvovaginal malignancy and its prognostic significance

Rising serum values of β-subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in patients with progressive vulvar carcinomas

“…This might indicate that expression of hCG is a common phenotypic characteristic of cancer. The measured rising serum levels of the ,B-subunit hCG in patients with progressive vulvar carcinomas gives support to the observation of Carter et al (1995), who measured increased urinary excretion of the 1-core fragment of hCG in patients with both newly diagnosed and recurrent vulvar cancer.…”

The β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin lacks specificity for malignant cells in serous effusions

“…15 Past experiments have also shown that detecting hCG in serous fluids or urine using laboratory methods indicates the presence of malignancy in these specimens. 7,8,16 Prior reports indicate that 31-42% of malignant effusions will have elevated hCG levels as compared to benign effusions using laboratory methods. The specificity of hCG as a laboratory test for malignant effusions is reported to be over 90%.…”

Biomarkers for Melanoma Diagnosis and the Technologies Used to Identify Them

“…Although both 5SCD and 6H5MI2C have been detected in the urine of melanoma patients, because of the higher levels of 5SCD, this marker is considered a more reliable urinary biomarker for melanoma than the 6H5MI2C (Kärnell et al, 1997(Kärnell et al, , 2000Wakamatsu et al, 2006). Moreover, the 90-kDa glycoprotein (TA-90) (Rote et al, 1980;Euhus et al, 1989), S100A7 (Brouard et al, 2002) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (Carter et al, 1995) have also been identified in the urine of patients with melanoma (Table 3). Of these urinary biomarkers, 5SCD, 6H5MI2C, and S100A7 can be considered the most melanoma-specific of the urinary biomarkers (Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Brouard et al, 2002;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 An indicator for liver metastasis; a prognostic indicator in metastatic melanoma Deichmann et al, 2000;Findeisen et al, 2009;Zhuang et al, 2010 Glypican-3 (GPC3) Unknown exactly, but may function as a survival or proliferation-associated factor Nakatsura et al, 2004;Ikuta et al, 2005 PKCα A survival or proliferation-associated protein Kang et al, 2009 5SCD A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Kärnell et al, 1997Kärnell et al, , 2000Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Wakamatsu et al, 2002 6H5MI2C A precursor of melanin; Increased in metastatic prognosis Hara et al, 1994;Kärnell et al, 1997 A superfamily of acute-phase proteins and proinflammatory adipokine Findeisen et al, 2009 Cystatin C A potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases; Increased primary and metastatic melanoma Kos et al, 1997;Ervin and Cox, 2005 Biomarkers References 5SCD Yamada et al, 1992;Kärnell et al, 1997;Bánfalvi et al, 2000;Waka...…”