Measurement of Velocity Profiles in Upwards Oil/Water Flow Using Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry

Morriss, S.L.; Hill, A.D.

doi:10.2118/22766-ms

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hence, introducing the dimensionless parameters η w and η o to substitute the items (D 2 /3r 2 ) and (4D 2 /9r 2 ) in (18) and (21), respectively. These two parameters can be obtained through experiment.…”

Section: Drift-flux Model and Related Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are related to the droplet's diameter D, which is a size distribution that changes with flow pattern. Hence, by substituting the inlet flow velocity into (7), and combining (18) and (21), the correlation parameters η w and η o can be derived through the least squares fitting. The relationship between u r and and u s is shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Parameter Determinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, high reflectivity causes multireflections between bubbles and complicates the measurements, so these studies were mainly based on low void fraction. In limited studies in oil-water flow, the vertical flow has been studied for obtaining the velocity profile; the velocity measurement in horizontal flow is accomplished in a low flow velocity environment [18], [19]. However, the slip between different phases is neglected, which is impractical.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measuring Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Velocity With Continuous-Wave Ultrasound Doppler Sensor and Drift-Flux Model

Dong

Tan

Yuan

2016

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Oil-water two-phase flow is the main fluid form in petroleum industry. Since it is associated with safety operation and economic benefit, the flow velocity needs to be measured accurately. A method based on continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler and drift-flux model is presented to estimate the overall superficial flow velocity of oil-water two-phase flow. A theoretical correlation combining velocity profile and drift-flux model was proposed to relate the measured velocity in the sensing volume of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor with the overall superficial velocity of two-phase flow. The measuring system consists of two piezoceramics ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 1 MHz and a PXI-based data acquisition system. Dynamic experiments involving five typical flow patterns were performed in a horizontal Plexiglas pipe with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The results show that the measuring system and the proposed method estimate the overall superficial flow velocity with an average error of 2.27%. Index Terms-Continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler (CWUD), drift-flux model, flow pattern, flow velocity measurement, oil-water two-phase flow.

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Section: Drift-flux Model and Related Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Parameter Determinementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Velocity With Continuous-Wave Ultrasound Doppler Sensor and Drift-Flux Model

Dong

Tan

Yuan

2016

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…There are many reports in the literature regarding applications of ultrasonic Doppler techniques for oilfield multiphase flow measurement, both down-hole and surface [6][7][8]. Among these, the pulsed-wave (PW) ultrasonic Doppler method is often used.…”

Section: Pulsed-wave Ultrasonic Doppler Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues of a Combination of Ultrasonic Doppler Velocity Measurement with a Venturi for Multiphase Flow Metering

Huang

Xie

Lenn

et al. 2013

SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference

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Multiphase flowmeters (MPFMs) available today are mostly based on a combination of differential pressure measurement, provided by at least one flow constriction, such as a Venturi device, with phase holdup measurement based on nuclear techniques, electromagnetic techniques, or both. This paper investigates the issues of combining the ultrasonic Doppler velocity measurement with the differential pressure measurement for multiphase flow metering. The intention is to measure at least one "useful" velocity of the flow, such as the bulk liquid velocity or the homogeneous mixture velocity, which can then be combined with a measured differential pressure across a "constriction" device, such as a Venturi, to derive parameters needed to calculate liquid and gas flow rates. An ultrasonic Doppler velocity sensor has been tested in combination with a Venturi under multiphase flow conditions. The results show that, due to the effect of gas bubbles in the liquid phase, the interrogation depth of the ultrasonic wave is often limited to a shallow liquid region near the pipe wall. As a result, the ultrasonic Doppler sensor cannot reliably measure the bulk liquid velocity, or the homogeneous velocity. It is generally difficult to interpret the measured Doppler velocity and to derive the flow rates of a multiphase flow without employing an elaborate flow model. This work was part of a project cofunded by the UK Technology Strategy Board 1 , with industry partners The University of Manchester, Schlumberger Gould Research, and TUV-NEL. IntroductionMany multiphase flow meters utilize differential pressure measurement combined with a mixture density or gas holdup measurement [1,2]. A typical example is a dual-energy gamma-ray system that measures the density and the water-liquidratio (WLR) of multiphase mixture at the throat of a Venturi that provides the differential pressure measurement [3]. The measured density of the mixture (hence gas/liquid holdup) and WLR are then combined with the differential pressure across the Venturi to derive the flow rates of the three individual phases: oil, gas, and water. Other approaches used in MPFMs include combining differential pressure measurement with velocity measurement to derive the liquid and gas flow rate [1]. A recent MPFM [4] utilizes differential pressures across two flow constrictions and an ultrasonic Doppler velocity measurement to obtain the flow rates of gas, oil and water. It was claimed that the ultrasonic Doppler sensor could measure the velocity of a homogeneous multiphase flow, even though no flow homogenization was used in the MPFM. As remarked in [2], the direct velocity measurement technique widely used in MPFMs today is based on cross-correlation, which tends to measure the velocity of large and distinctive dispersed-phase flow structures, such as gas slugs. As a result, the velocity measurement based on cross correlation is not necessarily useful because it is difficult to find consistent correlations between a slug velocity and the "useful" velocities, such as th...

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“…Because of various flow types of the two-phase flows, existing methods, such as spinner, ultrasonic transmission or reflection, nuclear radioactivity, optical sensing, all have limited accuracies for obtaining the flow velocity or holdup of gas phase or have other shortcomings, especially for the multiphase flows with low flow-rate or low gas volumn [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For example, the ultrasonic transmission method can be used for accurate rate determination of a low-rate single phase water or oil flow, but is not suitable for multiphase flows, while the ultrasonic reflection or Doppler frequency shift method could provide reasonably accurate bubble velocities in two-phase bubble flows only under laminar flow conditions [6,7]. The present method in oil fields for measuring the output producing profiles of each entry is based on the gross flux, water holdup, and density of the oil-gas-water multiphase flows by referring to the temperature, pressure and physical characteristics of oil, gas and water in producing wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transient method for measuring the gas volume fraction in a mixed gas-liquid flow using acoustic resonance spectroscopy

Chen

Wang

Che

et al. 2010

Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron.

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In this paper, the feasibility of measuring the gas volume fraction in a mixed gas-liquid flow by using an acoustic resonant spectroscopy (ARS) method in a transient way is studied theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, the effects of sizes and locations of a single air bubble in a cylindrical cavity with two open ends on resonant frequencies are investigated numerically. Then, a transient measurement system for ARS is established, and the trends of the resonant frequencies (RFs) and resonant amplitudes (RAs) in the cylindrical cavity with gas flux inside are investigated experimentally. The measurement results by the proposed transient method are compared with those by steady-state ones and numerical ones. The numerical results show that the RFs of the cavity are highly sensitive to the volume of the single air bubble. A tiny bubble volume perturbation may cause a prominent RF shift even though the volume of the air bubble is smaller than 0.1% of that of the cavity. When the small air bubble moves, the RF shift will change and reach its maximum value as it is located at the middle of the cavity. As the gas volume fraction of the two-phase flow is low, both the RFs and RAs from the measurement results decrease dramatically with the increasing gas volume, and this decreasing trend gradually becomes even as the gas volume fraction increases further. These experimental results agree with the theoretical ones qualitatively. In addition, the transient method for ARS is more suitable for measuring the gas volume fraction with randomness and instantaneity than the steady-state one, because the latter could not reflect the random and instant characteristics of the mixed fluid due to the time consumption for frequency sweeping. This study will play a very important role in the quantitative measurement of the gas volume fraction of multiphase flows. acoustic resonance spectroscopy, mixed gas-liquid flow, gas volume fraction, transient method PACS: 43.58.+z, 47.55.Ca, 89.20.Bb,

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Measurement of Velocity Profiles in Upwards Oil/Water Flow Using Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Measuring Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Velocity With Continuous-Wave Ultrasound Doppler Sensor and Drift-Flux Model

Measuring Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Velocity With Continuous-Wave Ultrasound Doppler Sensor and Drift-Flux Model

Issues of a Combination of Ultrasonic Doppler Velocity Measurement with a Venturi for Multiphase Flow Metering

A transient method for measuring the gas volume fraction in a mixed gas-liquid flow using acoustic resonance spectroscopy

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