Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control

“…It is this that determines the thickness of any separating film that forms and hence the load carrying capacity. The reflection of shear wave at a solid-liquid boundary is a convenient non-contact method of measuring oil viscosity in bulk samples [1,2]. This has found particular application in the measurement of the viscosity of dirty or contaminated fluids in pipelines and storage vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity measurement in thin lubricant films using shear ultrasonic reflection

Kasolang

Dwyer-Joyce

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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When a shear ultrasonic wave is incident on a solid and liquid boundary, the proportion that is reflected depends on the liquid viscosity. This is the basis for some instruments for on-line measurement of bulk liquid viscosity. In machine elements, the lubricant is usually present in a thin layer between two rubbing solid surfaces. The thin film has a different response to an ultrasonic shear wave than liquid in bulk. In this work, this response is investigated with the aim of measuring viscosity in-situ in a lubricating film. The proportion of the wave reflected at a thin layer depends on the layer stiffness. A shear wave is reflected by the shear stiffness of the thin layer. For a thin viscous liquid layer, the stiffness is a complex quantity dependent on the viscosity, wave frequency, and film thickness. This stiffness is incorporated into a quasi-static spring model of ultrasonic reflection. In this way, the viscosity can be determined from shear wave reflection if the oil film thickness is known. The approach has been experimentally evaluated on some static oil film between Perspex plates. Predictions of the spring model gave good measurement up to layer thicknesses of around 15 m. For thicker layers, the shear stiffness reduces to such an extent that almost all the wave is reflected and the difference associated with he layer response is hard to distinguish from background noise.

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“…An instrument that is able to perform the process accurately, ranging from chemical reactions (production) to quality control (final product), is necessary. Due to the automation of processes, in-line measurements are increasingly being studied to ensure that the product is in conformity to technical requirements [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

Baêsso¹,

Oliveira²,

Moraes³

et al. 2018

Advanced Chemical Kinetics

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Ultrasound has been widely used as a technological alternative way to analyse noninvasively an assortment of materials. It includes liquids with dissimilar physical characteristics, including mono-and multi-phasic mixtures, suspension formation and dissolution, in-line processing, among other practical applications. Regardless the huge spread of uses, so far ultrasound has not been proved to be able to quantify transesterification kinetics with a metrological approach. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that a properly designed ultrasonic experiment can be developed to identify remarkable stages of a transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel. The method was compared both with gas chromatography and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). For an in-line application, ultrasound has been proved to work properly as a monitoring tool for chemical reaction kinetics.

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Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control

Cited by 78 publications

References 5 publications

Development of an Ultrasonic Sensing Technique to Measure Lubricant Viscosity in Engine Journal Bearing In-Situ

Development of an Ultrasonic Sensing Technique to Measure Lubricant Viscosity in Engine Journal Bearing In-Situ

Viscosity measurement in thin lubricant films using shear ultrasonic reflection

Ultrasound as a Metrological Tool for Monitoring Transesterification Kinetics

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