Measurement of women’s autonomy according to women and their husbands: Results from five Asian countries

Ghuman, Sharon; Lee, Helen J.; Smith, Herbert L.

doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.06.001

Cited by 113 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, we are not unconvinced that this heterogeneity in observed effects may stem from an undesirable property of the autonomy variables. That is, there may be some underlying problem with how autonomy is measured along the lines identified in other settings (Ghuman et al 2001;Mason and Smith 2001;Bignami-van Assche et al 2003). This interpretation would also help to explain the somewhat unexpected autonomy differences between patrilateral and matrilateral first cousin wives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Women in Consanguineous Marriages in Egypt, 1988–2000

Weinreb¹

2008

Eur J Population

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This article reviews three mechanisms related to autonomy, wealth, and local cultural factors, which are said to underly the high prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Arab societies. It then assesses each of them empirically in two stages. The first uses a pooled dataset constituted by the most recent marriage cohorts in the 1992 and 2000 waves of the Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys. Three results stand out. The frequency of consanguinity in the most recent marriage cohorts (i) is strongly correlated with the frequency among older cohorts, signaling the strong clustering of underlying institutional (and unobserved) supports; (ii) tends to be more common among women who are poorer in absolute term, though wealthier than average in their communities; and (iii) varies temporally and across the rural-urban divide in its relationship to women's autonomy. A subsidiary analysis, using only the 2000 data, then identifies wealth and autonomy differences between first cousin patrilateral and matrilateral wives.Keywords Consanguinity Á Cousin marriage Á Endogamy Á Arab marriage Á Women's autonomy Á Egypt Résumé Cet article examine trois mécanismes en lien avec l'autorité, la fortune et les facteurs culturels locaux, qui sont connus pour influencer la fréquence élevée des mariages consanguins dans les sociétés arabes. Chacun de ces mécanismes est évalué en deux étapes: La première s'appuie sur la base de données des mariages les plus récents dans les vagues de 1992 et de 2000 de l'Enquête Démographique et de Santé égyptienne. Trois résultats sont mis en évidence, concernant la fréquence de la consanguinité parmi les mariages les plus récents: (1) celle-ci est fortement corrélée avec la fréquence parmi les générations les plus anciennes, ce qui indique l'existence d'un regroupement de facteurs institutionnels sous-jacents (non

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Women in Consanguineous Marriages in Egypt, 1988–2000

Weinreb¹

2008

Eur J Population

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“…A lot of previous research on women's empowerment has mainly focused on the determinants of women's empowerment indicators which mainly include household decision-making and self-esteem (El-Halawany, 2009;Ghuman et al, 2004;Kishor 2000, Kishor andSubaiya, 2008;Mahmud and Tasmeen, 2014;Mahmud et al, 2012;Malhotra and Mather, 1997;Sado et al, 2014;Trommlerova et al, 2015). Measuring a dynamic process like women's empowerment necessitates indicators that measure the end result, that is, indicators that measure evidence of empowerment and indicators that measure various sources of empowerment as well as indicators for measuring the setting of empowerment (Kishor, 2000).…”

Section: Some Major Theories On Women's Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a great deal of previous literature on women's empowerment focused on what determines two indicators of their --household decision-making and self-esteem (ElHalawany, 2009;Ghuman et al, 2004;Kishor, 2000;Kishor and Subaiya, 2008;Mahmud and Tasmeen, 2014;Mahmud et al, 2012;Malhotra and Mather, 1997;and Sado et al, 2014) --other studies have described the role of women's access to finance and labor force participation in the empowerment process (Ali et al, 2013;Allendorf, 2007;Allsopp and Tallontire, 2014;Faridi et al, 2009;Ganle et al, 2015;and Naqvi and Shahnaz, 2002). Together these studies provide evidence that measurement issues still exist in the process of translating 'evidence of empowerment' and 'access to sources of empowerment' into agency especially using cross-sectional survey data (Kishor and Subaiya, 2008) and thus highlight the need for going beyond structural and merely simplistic factors (family, social and economic) to be able to measure women's empowerment in a comprehensive way (Malhotra and Mather, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together these studies provide evidence that measurement issues still exist in the process of translating 'evidence of empowerment' and 'access to sources of empowerment' into agency especially using cross-sectional survey data (Kishor and Subaiya, 2008) and thus highlight the need for going beyond structural and merely simplistic factors (family, social and economic) to be able to measure women's empowerment in a comprehensive way (Malhotra and Mather, 1997). In the same vein, Ghuman et al, (2004) argue that difficulties in measuring women's empowerment call for an in-depth understanding of gender relations by spending enough time in the community and doing pre-testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Rwanda

Musonera¹,

Heshmati

2017

Frontiers in African Business Research

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S Measuring Women's Empowerment in Rwanda ABSTRACT Measuring Women's Empowerment in RwandaThis study examines the determinants of women's empowerment in Rwanda using data obtained from DHS 2010. A regression analysis is used to investigate the association between women's empowerment and its covariates. The study also uses a multinomial logistic regression to assess what determines households' decision-making and attitudes towards physical abuse of spouses. Variables of sources of empowerment such as education and media exposure were found to have a net positive association with women's empowerment while other variables such as residence and the age at first marriage were negatively associated with women's empowerment. Further analysis showed that the effects of education, age of the respondent, wealth and the number of children ever born remained strong conditions which effected households' decision-making and attitudes about physical abuse. In general, therefore, it seems that for women to fully realize their potential and rights, specific emphasis should be put on variables that increase their access to resources and knowledge such as education, employment for cash and media exposure but variables that are negatively associated with women's empowerment such as higher age at first marriage should also be taken into account.JEL Classification: D63, D91, I15, I25, J12

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“…Jejeebhoy is not alone in identifying these multiple aspects of autonomy. Many other scientists have also sought to isolate more robust measures of autonomy, sometimes specifically with an eye toward fertility issues (Kishore, 2000;Fikree et al, 2001;Agarwal and Lynch, 2006;Ghuman et al, 2006). Yet further studies question altogether the appropriateness of women's autonomy as a way of understanding influences on women's reproductive health (Mumtaz and Salway, 2009).…”

Section: Autonomy As Self-legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respecting Autonomy in Population Policy: An Argument for International Family Planning Programs

Hale

2010

Public Health Ethics

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This paper addresses whether universal, general education programs are enough to satisfy basic criteria of human rights or whether comprehensive family planning programs, in conjunction with universal education programs, might also be morally required. Even before the Reagan administration instituted the 'global gag rule' at the 1984 conference in Mexico City, prohibiting funding to nongovernmental organizations that included providing information about abortion as a possible method of family planning, the moral acceptability of family planning programs has been called into question. This paper makes a moral argument for family planning by appealing to both data and theory: data about the efficacy of universal and comprehensive family planning education programs at reducing fertility and infant mortality and theory about what is required for the establishment of autonomy. It reasons that universal educational programs are insufficient for the promotion of autonomy and, therefore, argues on substantive autonomy grounds for comprehensive family planning programs in addition to universal education programs. IntroductionFor several decades, the international population community has debated the relative merits of 'comprehensive' family planning and education programs versus 'universal' education programs as a means to improve women's autonomy and reduce unwanted fertility and infant and child mortality. Both comprehensive family planning and universal education programs have been demonstrated to reduce fertility and infant mortality. Generally speaking, however, comprehensive family planning education programs are frequently framed either as morally inappropriate or as a tradeoff with other possible government projects.Apart from efficacy and resource questions, there are also deeper questions regarding rights and autonomy that have been overshadowed by the view that comprehensive family planning programs cross a moral boundary (by introducing information about fertility and women's health concerns) where universal education programs do not. In this paper, we address the normative question of whether a simple universal education program is enough to satisfy basic criteria of human rights or whether a comprehensive family planning education program, in conjunction with a universal education program, may also be required. In the next section, we outline the historical and international backdrop upon which this discussion about universal education programs and family planning programs rests. Then we offer empirical support of how family planning programs offer autonomy. Next we argue on fairness grounds for family planning programs in addition to universal education, before we conclude.

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Measurement of women’s autonomy according to women and their husbands: Results from five Asian countries

Cited by 113 publications

References 34 publications

Characteristics of Women in Consanguineous Marriages in Egypt, 1988–2000

Characteristics of Women in Consanguineous Marriages in Egypt, 1988–2000

Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Rwanda

Respecting Autonomy in Population Policy: An Argument for International Family Planning Programs

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