Measurement Platform for Latency Characterization of Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control Systems

Abstract

Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems have emerged as a critical technology to improve the reliability, resilience, and stability of modern power grids. They are based on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) technology and synchronized monitoring on a wide area. Since these systems are required to make rapid decisions and control actions on the grid, they are characterized by stringent time constraints. For this reason, the latency of WAMPAC systems needs to be appropriately assessed. Following this necessity, this paper presents the design and implementation of a measurement platform that allows latency characterization of different types of WAMPAC systems in several operating conditions. The proposed WAMPAC Characterizer has been metrologically characterized through a WAMPAC Emulator and then used to measure the latency of a WAMPAC system based on an open-source platform frequently used by transmission system operators for the implementation of their PMU-based wide area systems.

Power System Adaptive State Estimation in Unknown Measurement Environment

“…d) Communication Networks. Communication networks may introduce unpredictable measurement errors due to both latency and power flow fluctuations [28]- [29]. In communication networks, latency commonly arises from a variety of factors, such as propagation delay, transmission delay, processing delay, queueing delay, routing delay, network congestion, packet retransmission, etc.…”

“…The underlying assumption is that the error distribution does not have an abrupt change between the previous interval and the current interval. In practice, however, abrupt gross error may appear in the case of sensor malfunctioning, communication interruption, or cyber attacks [2], [7]- [8], [28]- [30]. To address this challenge, an additional artificial term, named the gross error trap, is introduced to the ASE.…”