Measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Classification System‐Expanded &amp; Revised, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System in cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

Piscitelli, Daniele; Ferrarello, Francesco; Ugolini, Alessandro; Verola, Sofia; Pellicciari, Leonardo

doi:10.1111/dmcn.14910

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…The Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy-Extended and Revised (GMFCS-ER; Piscitelli et al, 2021 ) was used for gross motor function classification. The subjects involved in this motor function assessment covered two different age groups (0 < 2 and 2–4 years old).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNAP—a potential cytokine in the cerebral inflammation in spastic cerebral palsy

Wang

Gao

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Objective: Several studies have shown the significance of neuroinflammation in the pathological progress of cerebral palsy (CP). However, the etiology of CP remains poorly understood. Spastic CP is the most common form of CP, comprising 80% of all cases. Therefore, identifying the specific factors may serve to understand the etiology of spastic CP. Our research aimed to find some relevant factors through protein profiling, screening, and validation to help understand the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy.Materials and methods: In the current study, related clinical parameters were assessed in 18 children with spastic CP along with 20 healthy individuals of the same age. Blood samples of the spastic CP children and controls were analyzed with proteomics profiling to detect differentially expressed proteins. On the other hand, after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was induced in the postnatal day 7 rat pups, behavioral tests were performed followed by detection of the differentially expressed markers and inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and cerebral cortex of the CP model rats by Elisa and Western blot. Independent sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis.Results: Through proteomic analysis, differentially expressed proteins were identified. Among them, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), the gene expression product of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), was downregulated in spastic CP. In addition, significantly lower TNAP levels were found in the children with CP and model rats. In contrast, compared with the sham rats, the model rats demonstrated a significant increase in osteopontin and proinflammatory biomarkers in both the plasma and cerebral cortex on the ischemic side whereas serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and IL-10 were significantly decreased. Moreover, serum TNAP level was positively correlated with serum CRP and IL-10 in model rats.Conclusion: These results suggest that TNAP is the potential molecule playing a specific and critical role in the neuroinflammation in spastic CP, which may provide a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of spastic CP.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNAP—a potential cytokine in the cerebral inflammation in spastic cerebral palsy

Wang

Gao

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…The GMFCS-E&R is valid and reliable when applied by medical personnel or caregivers [11]. According to Palisano et al [12], the researcher asked the child to do functional tasks from each level of the user's manual to determine which level the child fits in according to age band.…”

Section: Gross Motor Function Classification System-expanded and Revisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the TUDS test for children with cerebral palsy

2022

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Background The timed up and down stairs (TUDS) test is widely used to assess the time required by a patient to climb up and down stairs as a measure of functional mobility. Aim This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine test-retest, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability of TUDS test in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Subjects Forty children (22 boys and 18 girls) with unilateral and bilateral spastic CP were selected from the Cairo University Hospitals to participate in this study. The age range was 3–9 years. Subjects classified according to Gross Motor Function Classification System-Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R) in categories 1 or 2 only were included. All subjects with muscle tone above normal (spasticity) were included. Methods The TUDS test was performed at two testing sessions on the same day to determine test-retest reliability; the main investigator scored all children at real time using a stopwatch and then rescored them later from video recording to determine intra-rater reliability. Another research team member scored all children from video recording to determine inter-rater reliability. Scoring was carried out at real time and from video recordings of the trials. Reliability was estimated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results The TUDS test showed excellent reliability for all measured types of reliability. ICC score for test-retest reliability was 0.978, ICC score for intra-rater reliability was 0.999, while ICC score for inter-rater reliability was 0.998 and 0.999. Conclusion The TUDS test is a reliable outcome measure for children with spastic CP. It can be measured at real time or later from video recording of the performance trials. The TUDS test is an important tool in the re-evaluation process of children with CP.

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“…erebral palsy (CP) is a disorder in a patient's motor function caused by damage to the brain in the fetal or perinatal period 1 . For evaluation of the motor abilities of a patient with CP, a classification system based on the patient's motor function called the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) [2][3][4] is used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surgical Treatment of Thumb-in-Palm Deformity

Megremis,

Megremis

2023

JBJS Case Connector

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Case: A 13-year-old adolescent boy with spastic triplegia was referred to our institution with a thumb-in-palm deformity. An intramuscular slide of the flexor pollicis longus and augmentation of the weak abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and extensor pollicis brevis by tendon transfer were performed. Two years later, the result of the surgery was evaluated as excellent. Conclusion: There are several factors that will play a decisive role in the final outcome and effectiveness of hand surgery, such as the severity of the neuromuscular disorder, the extent of the deformity, the quality of voluntary muscle control, hand sensibility, and the age and intelligence of the patient.

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Measurement properties of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Classification System‐Expanded & Revised, Manual Ability Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System in cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 86 publications

TNAP—a potential cytokine in the cerebral inflammation in spastic cerebral palsy

TNAP—a potential cytokine in the cerebral inflammation in spastic cerebral palsy

Reliability of the TUDS test for children with cerebral palsy

Surgical Treatment of Thumb-in-Palm Deformity

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