Measurement uncertainty and temporal resolution of Doppler global velocimetry using laser frequency modulation

Fischer, Andreas; Büttner, Lars; Czarske, Jürgen; Eggert, Michael; Müller, H.

doi:10.1364/ao.47.003941

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…McKenzie studied in 1996 the shot noise limit of DGV using an error propagation calculation [108]. Fischer et al investigated the CRB for WPN covering DGV techniques with and without laser frequency modulation in 2008 and 2010 [95,109,110]. Finally, an overview and summary of all DGV techniques including the CRB for WPN is given by Fischer in 2017 [111].…”

Section: Displacement Strain and Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting Uncertainty Relations in Laser-Based Measurements of Position and Velocity Due to Quantum Shot Noise

Fischer

2019

Entropy

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With the ongoing progress of optoelectronic components, laser-based measurement systems allow measurements of position as well as displacement, strain and velocity with unbeatable speed and low measurement uncertainty. The performance limit is often studied for a single measurement setup, but a fundamental comparison of different measurement principles with respect to the ultimate limit due to quantum shot noise is rare. For this purpose, the Cramér-Rao bound is described as a universal information theoretic tool to calculate the minimal achievable measurement uncertainty for different measurement techniques, and a review of the respective lower bounds for laser-based measurements of position, displacement, strain and velocity at particles and surfaces is presented. As a result, the calculated Cramér-Rao bounds of different measurement principles have similar forms for each measurand including an indirect proportionality with respect to the number of photons and, in case of the position measurement for instance, the wave number squared. Furthermore, an uncertainty principle between the position uncertainty and the wave vector uncertainty was identified, i.e., the measurement uncertainty is minimized by maximizing the wave vector uncertainty. Additionally, physically complementary measurement approaches such as interferometry and time-of-flight positions measurements as well as time-of-flight and Doppler particle velocity measurements are shown to attain the same fundamental limit. Since most of the laser-based measurements perform similar with respect to the quantum shot noise, the realized measurement systems behave differently only due to the available optoelectronic components for the concrete measurement task.

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Section: Displacement Strain and Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting Uncertainty Relations in Laser-Based Measurements of Position and Velocity Due to Quantum Shot Noise

Fischer

2019

Entropy

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“…L2F and PTV are selected to represent time-of-flight techniques with time and space measurements, respectively. [73,166,167]. A comprehensive study of the shot noise limits of the different DGV techniques is contained in a topical contribution by Fischer [79].…”

Section: Photon Shot Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Optics and Spectroscopy for Fluid Characterization

2018

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“…For DGV, the first error propagation calculation including photon shot noise is from McKenzie in 1996 [138]. Fischer et al investigated the Cramér-Rao bound due to photon shot noise for DGV with and without laser frequency modulation in 2008 and 2010 [73,166,167]. A comprehensive study of the shot noise limits of the different DGV techniques is contained in a topical contribution by Fischer [79].…”

Section: Photon Shot Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Flow Velocimetry with Laser Mie Scattering

Fischer

2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:Imaging flow velocity measurements are essential for the investigation of unsteady complex flow phenomena, e.g., in turbomachines, injectors and combustors. The direct optical measurement on fluid molecules is possible with laser Rayleigh scattering and the Doppler effect. However, the small scattering cross-section results in a low signal to noise ratio, which hinders time-resolved measurements of the flow field. For this reason, the signal to noise ratio is increased by using laser Mie scattering on micrometer-sized particles that follow the flow with negligible slip. Finally, the ongoing development of powerful lasers and fast, sensitive cameras has boosted the performance of several imaging methods for flow velocimetry. The article describes the different flow measurement principles, as well as the fundamental physical measurement limits. Furthermore, the evolution to an imaging technique is outlined for each measurement principle by reviewing recent advances and applications. As a result, the progress, the challenges and the perspectives for high-speed imaging flow velocimetry are considered.

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Measurement uncertainty and temporal resolution of Doppler global velocimetry using laser frequency modulation

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Limiting Uncertainty Relations in Laser-Based Measurements of Position and Velocity Due to Quantum Shot Noise

Limiting Uncertainty Relations in Laser-Based Measurements of Position and Velocity Due to Quantum Shot Noise

Optics and Spectroscopy for Fluid Characterization

Imaging Flow Velocimetry with Laser Mie Scattering

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