Measurements and Analysis of Maritime Wireless Channel at 8 GHz in the South China Sea Region

Zhang, Qi; Wang, Shuwen; Shi, Yang; Yang, Kunde

doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3209664

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In contrast to the homogeneous assumptions in [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], the duct layers are range-dependent. The strong spatial–temporal variability of the lower atmosphere in near-shore areas can cause horizontal variability in atmospheric ducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A prediction map of radio propagation was proposed with help of atmospheric duct data in the Korean coastal area [ 38 ]. The authors in [ 39 ] proposed a log-distance maritime wireless channel at 8 GHz, and the meteorological data pointed out that the difference in the evaporation duct profiles at the Tx and Rx increases with increasing link distance. Machine learning has been widely used in the processing of wireless channel measurements [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Sensors

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For maritime broadband communications, atmospheric ducts can enable beyond line-of-sight communications or cause severe interference. Due to the strong spatial–temporal variability of atmospheric conditions in near-shore areas, atmospheric ducts have inherent spatial heterogeneity and suddenness. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of horizontally inhomogeneous ducts on maritime radio propagation through theoretical analysis and measurement validation. To make better use of meteorological reanalysis data, we design a range-dependent atmospheric duct model. Then, a sliced parabolic equation algorithm is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of path loss. We derive the corresponding numerical solution and analyze the feasibility of the proposed algorithm under the range-dependent duct conditions. A 3.5 GHz long-distance radio propagation measurement is utilized to verify the algorithm. The spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric ducts in the measurements are analyzed. Based on actual duct conditions, the simulation results are consistent with the measured path loss. The proposed algorithm outperforms the existing method during the multiple duct periods. We further investigate the influence of different duct horizontal characteristics on the received signal strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sliced Parabolic Equation Method to Characterize Maritime Radio Propagation

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…On the basis of simulation and experiment, Robinson et al (2022) analyzed the effects of evaporation ducts on microwave communications in the Irish Sea, and found that evaporation ducts could be used to provide high-bandwidth over-the-horizon communication with uptime of approximately 40%. Zhang et al (2022) presented the measurement results of evaporation duct channel at 8 GHz in the South China Sea region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term over-the-horizon microwave channel measurements and statistical analysis in evaporation ducts over the Yellow Sea

et al. 2023

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Maritime high-speed over-the-horizon wireless communication is realizable through evaporation ducts. Detailed measurement, analysis, and modeling of duct channels are essential for application of this communication technique. In this paper, X-band electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation systems were developed and deployed for a 133-km over-the-horizon microwave link in coastal areas of the Yellow Sea. The propagation length was 7.7 times the line-of-sight length. Measurement results including the path loss (PL) and meteorological data were obtained during a 54-day period in autumn 2021. The long-term channel results were analyzed on the basis of statistical analysis and model simulations. Results showed that our measurement system, with a maximum measurable power loss of 200 dB, had connected with a probability of 56.2% during the measurement period. Model simulation showed that evaporation duct environments are not ideal in autumn, with an average evaporation duct height (EDH) of 10.6 m. The land breeze in autumn introduced dry and cold air to the link, which could promote evaporation of seawater and reduce PL by approximately 40 dB. Annual spatiotemporal characteristics of EDH showed that evaporation ducts are most suitable for over-the-horizon communication in spring, especially May.

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