Measurements and Analysis of Spectrum Occupancy in the Cellular and TV Bands

Jayavalan, Shanjeevan; Hafizal, Hafizal; Aripin, Norazizah Mohd; Ismail, Amiruddin; Ramli, Nordin; Yaacob, Azmi; Ng, Ming Ann

doi:10.7763/lnse.2014.v2.110

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Jayavalan et al [20], carried out measurements and analyses on the utilization of frequency spectrum in the cellular and TV bands in Malaysia. The goal is to quantify the usage of the spectrum and also exploring the possibility of other wireless communication systems or cognitive radio to utilize the unused bands.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Ayeni¹,

Фарук²,

Bello³

et al. 2016

IJFCC

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Abstract-Continuing proliferation of wireless devices exposes humanity to the reality of the twin challenge posed by finite frequency spectrum and almost infinite demand for the same frequency spectrum, necessitating the need for more ingenious spectrum management techniques. The band 2.4-2.7 GHz was originally created and classified for ISM, 3G, UMTS and WiMAX systems. It has become a frequency band which is generally used by end users due to the fact that it's inexpensive, easy to deploy and enhances frequency re-use. Quite a few measurements have been carried out in countries like France, Germany, India, Romania, UK and USA. This paper presents a study of an outdoor measurement on spectrum occupancy in both rural and urban areas in Kwara State, Nigeria, spanning across the frequency range of 2.4 GHz -2.7 GHz. The results show that the band being investigated is immensely underutilized with upper and lower occupancy values of 22.56% and 0% in urban and rural environments. These results were compared to other measurements conducted globally in this band or closely aligned bands.Index Terms-ISM band, spectrum occupancy, spectrum utilization, UMTS network.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Ayeni¹,

Фарук²,

Bello³

et al. 2016

IJFCC

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“…The measurements were carried out inside the engineering building of the University Federal Fluminense (UFF), the 2.5 GHz band follows the 3GPP standard and the frequency division duplex (FDD) is used, as can be seen in Figure 1 , with uplink and downlink for each incumbent (Incumbent_1 was not in operation at that moment). The period in which the data were collected was approximately 24 h, according to the methodology presented in [ 4 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. There are also portions dedicated to the time division duplex (TDD) that were not in operation in Rio de Janeiro.…”

Section: Spectrum Measurements and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Radio with Machine Learning to Increase Spectral Efficiency in Indoor Applications on the 2.5 GHz Band

Soares

Passos

Castellanos

2023

Sensors

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Due to the propagation characteristics in the 2.5 GHz band, the signal is significantly degraded by building entry loss (BEL), making coverage in indoor environments in some cases non-existent. Signal degradation inside buildings is a challenge for planning engineers, but it can be seen as a spectrum usage opportunity for a cognitive radio communication system. This work presents a methodology based on statistical modeling of data collected by a spectrum analyzer and the application of machine learning (ML) to leverage the use of those opportunities by autonomous and decentralized cognitive radios (CRs), independent of any mobile operator or external database. The proposed design targets using as few narrowband spectrum sensors as possible in order to reduce the cost of the CRs and sensing time, as well as improving energy efficiency. Those characteristics make our design especially interesting for internet of things (IoT) applications or low-cost sensor networks that may use idle mobile spectrum with high reliability and good recall.

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“…To explore the occupancy of both cellular and TV bands, authors evaluated its occupancy in Malaysia, where the measurements were conducted for 24 h in College of Information Technology (COIT), University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) and Selangor by employing two types of antennas namely tri-band dipole and discone antennas for 2G/3G cellular bands and UHF/VHF TV bands, respectively [26]. Advantest U3741 spectrum analyzer having the frequency range of 9 kHz-3 GHz with noise level -135 dBm was used to measure the received power.…”

Section: Tv Broadcasting Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average occupancy statistics in different bands[26] occupancy model of the investigated bands. In order to identify the permanent underutilized band ranges from 300 to 4900 MHz, a measurement campaign was conducted in Bristol, UK over 6 months (19th May 2010-18th October) making a continuous studies…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Spectrum Occupancy Measurement for Cognitive Radio

Das

2015

Wireless Pers Commun

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In order to support the ever growing demand of wireless communication systems and wireless local area network based 802.11 devices, the regulators are developing techniques to overcome the permanent scarcity of radio resources. Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) is considered as a key technology which estimates the availability of the licensed spectrum band for additional usages. The underutilized licensed band can be exploited among the secondary users provided that they would not cause any interference to the primary user. So, evaluation of spectrum occupancy is the main approach towards the successful deployment of CR. This paper studies the various spectrum occupancy models used in diverse locations by research campaigns worldwide. The detail analyses of the empirical results in different scenarios of measurement have been compared. The purpose of this survey is to evaluate up to what percentage the whole spectrum band is occupied by different services.

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Measurements and Analysis of Spectrum Occupancy in the Cellular and TV Bands

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Cognitive Radio with Machine Learning to Increase Spectral Efficiency in Indoor Applications on the 2.5 GHz Band

A Survey on Spectrum Occupancy Measurement for Cognitive Radio

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