Measurements and modelling of particulate matter building ingress during a severe dust storm event

Argyropoulos, Christos D.; Hassan, Hala A.; Kumar, Prashant; Kakosimos, Konstantinos

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106441

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Predicted contaminant concentrations can also be used to estimate personal exposure based on occupancy patterns [18]. CONTAM has been used for multiple analysis, including infiltration calculations [20][21][22][23] and contaminant transport [24][25][26][27][28], as well as occupant exposure and comfort [29]. It is a valid tool for the assessment of a chosen ventilation system and can help to counteract the risks of poor IAQ.…”

Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of CFD and Multizone Modeling from Contaminant Migration from a Household Gas Furnace

Szczepanik-Ścisło

Ścisło

2021

Atmosphere

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In Central and Eastern Europe, a growing popularity of gas heaters as the main source of heat and domestic hot water can be observed. This is the result of new laws and strategies for funding that have been put in place to encourage households to stop using coal and replace it with cleaner energy sources. However, there is a growing concern that gas furnaces are prone to malfunction and can be a threat to occupants through CO (carbon monoxide) generation. To see how a faulty gas furnace with a clogged exhaust may affect a household, a series of multizone and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out using the CONTAM software and CFD0 editor created by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The simulations presented different placements of the furnace and ventilation outlet in an attached garage. The results showed how the placement influenced contaminant migration and occupant exposure to CO. It changed the amount of CO that infiltrated to the attached house and influenced occupant exposure. The results may be used by future users to minimize the risk of CO poisoning by using the proper natural ventilation methods together with optimal placement of the header in the household.

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Section: Of 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of CFD and Multizone Modeling from Contaminant Migration from a Household Gas Furnace

Szczepanik-Ścisło

Ścisło

2021

Atmosphere

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“…In our study, we applied an average F inf , which represents the infiltration of pollution as an average of the encountered variability in different environments. More sophisticated methods for modelling the infiltration of pollutants from outdoor to indoor environments [105,106] have become available recently that are able to represent such variability. Such approaches can take into account complex building structures, ventilation parameters and behavior, wind pressures, and buoyancy effects, surpassing the need to assume well-mixed pollutant concentrations.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Ambient Concentration and Infiltration Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas

Ramacher

Karl

2020

IJERPH

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To evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policies and measures to reduce air pollution effects on urban citizen’s health, population exposure assessments are needed. Due to road traffic emissions being a major source of emissions and exposure in European cities, it is necessary to account for differentiated transport environments in population dynamics for exposure studies. In this study, we applied a modelling system to evaluate population exposure in the urban area of Hamburg in 2016. The modeling system consists of an urban-scale chemistry transport model to account for ambient air pollutant concentrations and a dynamic time-microenvironment-activity (TMA) approach, which accounts for population dynamics in different environments as well as for infiltration of outdoor to indoor air pollution. We integrated different modes of transport in the TMA approach to improve population exposure assessments in transport environments. The newly developed approach reports 12% more total exposure to NO2 and 19% more to PM2.5 compared with exposure estimates based on residential addresses. During the time people spend in different transport environments, the in-car environment contributes with 40% and 33% to the annual sum of exposure to NO2 and PM2.5, in the walking environment with 26% and 30%, in the cycling environment with 15% and 17% and other environments (buses, subway, suburban, and regional trains) with less than 10% respectively. The relative contribution of road traffic emissions to population exposure is highest in the in-car environment (57% for NO2 and 15% for PM2.5). Results for population-weighted exposure revealed exposure to PM2.5 concentrations above the WHO AQG limit value in the cycling environment. Uncertainties for the exposure contributions arising from emissions and infiltration from outdoor to indoor pollutant concentrations range from −12% to +7% for NO2 and PM2.5. The developed “dynamic transport approach” is integrated in a computationally efficient exposure model, which is generally applicable in European urban areas. The presented methodology is promoted for use in urban mobility planning, e.g., to investigate on policy-driven changes in modal split and their combined effect on emissions, population activity and population exposure.

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“…Besides the applied microenvironment-based approach, more sophisticated methods for the simulation of building infiltration based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been published recently [66][67][68], surpassing the need to assume well-mixed pollutant concentrations within the microenvironments. CFD modeling can take into account complex building structures, ventilation parameters, wind pressures acting on the exterior of the building, and buoyancy effects induced by the different indoor and outdoor air temperatures.…”

Section: Population Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors

Karl

Pirjola

Karppinen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Marine traffic in harbors can be responsible for significant atmospheric concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs), which have widely recognized negative effects on human health. It is therefore essential to model and measure the time evolution of the number size distributions and chemical composition of UFPs in ship exhaust to assess the resulting exposure in the vicinity of shipping routes. In this study, a sequential modelling chain was developed and applied, in combination with the data measured and collected in major harbor areas in the cities of Helsinki and Turku in Finland, during winter and summer in 2010–2011. The models described ship emissions, atmospheric dispersion, and aerosol dynamics, complemented with a time–microenvironment–activity model to estimate the short-term UFP exposure. We estimated the dilution ratio during the initial fast expansion of the exhaust plume to be approximately equal to eight. This dispersion regime resulted in a fully formed nucleation mode (denoted as Nuc2). Different selected modelling assumptions about the chemical composition of Nuc2 did not have an effect on the formation of nucleation mode particles. Aerosol model simulations of the dispersing ship plume also revealed a partially formed nucleation mode (Nuc1; peaking at 1.5 nm), consisting of freshly nucleated sulfate particles and condensed organics that were produced within the first few seconds. However, subsequent growth of the new particles was limited, due to efficient scavenging by the larger particles originating from the ship exhaust. The transport of UFPs downwind of the ship track increased the hourly mean UFP concentrations in the neighboring residential areas by a factor of two or more up to a distance of 3600 m, compared with the corresponding UFP concentrations in the urban background. The substantially increased UFP concentrations due to ship traffic significantly affected the daily mean exposures in residential areas located in the vicinity of the harbors.

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Measurements and modelling of particulate matter building ingress during a severe dust storm event

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

Comparison of CFD and Multizone Modeling from Contaminant Migration from a Household Gas Furnace

Comparison of CFD and Multizone Modeling from Contaminant Migration from a Household Gas Furnace

Integrating Modes of Transport in a Dynamic Modelling Approach to Evaluate Population Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Areas

Modeling of the Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles in the Plumes of Ships in the Vicinity of Major Harbors

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