Measurements and PCA/APCS Analyses of Volatile Organic Compounds in Kaohsiung Municipal Sewer Systems, Southern Taiwan

Self Cite

Air samples were collected concurrently at four sites using stainless steel canisters in a science park in central Taiwan. The airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eighteen volatile organic compounds (C 1 -C 8 ) in six hydrocarbon groups were identified. Measurements reveal that the three dominant species were 2-butanone (8.60 ± 0.98 ppbv), toluene (6.13 ± 1.67 ppbv), and acetone (6.03 ± 2.79 ppbv), while most other species were present at a concentration of below 1.00 ppbv. On average, the most abundant hydrocarbon group was ketones (56.95%), followed by aromatic compounds (27.75%), alkanes (8.33%), fluoroalkanes (3.40%), chloroalkanes (2.47%), and nitrile compounds (1.10%). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two components PC1 and PC2. Ten species in PC1 and eight species in PC2 had loadings of greater than 0.8, suggesting that the emission sources of PC1 were related to high-tech industries and traffic, and those of PC2 were related to fugitive emissions of organic solvents and refrigerants.

Section: Source Apportionment Using Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in a Science Park in Central Taiwan

Cheng

Hsieh

Chen

2016

Self Cite

“…Paint applications were correlated with toluene (Huang et al, 2012). CO 2 levels were related to the natural ventilation in the building (Madureira et al, 2016) while H 2 S and NH 3 were related to domestic wastewater decomposition (Jeon et al, 2009).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Using Pca/apcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variance of individual factors in PCA indicate the relative magnitudes among the dominant potential sources (Huang et al, 2012). After determining the number and variety of potential sources, APCS was applied to estimate the contribution of each pollution source to each pollutant.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)/absolute Principal Componmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Air Pollution and Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, North Taiwan

Widiana

Tsai

Wang

et al. 2017

Monitoring air quality in the municipal wastewater treatment plants is an initial stage in preventing several problems related to air emissions. This study measured 103 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total VOC (TVOC), and some prominent air pollutants (CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 S, PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 7 , PM 10 , TSP) in the municipal wastewater treatment plant X located in the north of Taiwan. Thirty-three VOCs were identified, which categorized as alkane, aromatic, alkene, ester, ether, haloalkane and ketone. Five dominant factors were determined from principal component analysis (PCA). The first factor involves indoor activities (such as particulate matter resuspension), and outdoor activities (such as vehicles exhausts), which explained 32.42% of total variance. Factor 2 was paint applications and domestic wastewater decomposition, with an explained variance of 17.23%. Factor 3 was solvent use, with an explained variance of 14.26%. Factor 4 was solvent use and road dust, with an explained variance of 8.54%. Factor 5 was a byproduct of the chlorination treatment process, with an explained variance of 6.92%. The five factors explained 79.37% of total variance. By applying absolute principal component scores (APCS), source apportionments were obtained having 35.21%, 26.04%, 16.13%, 7.03%, and 15.59% for factors 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Toluene had the highest ozone formation potential (OFP).

“…The odor problems related to petrochemical plants are often caused by VOCs emitted from stacks, leakages from pipelines and tanks, production processes and wastewater treatment (Kalabokas et al, 2001;Huang et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013). People living near a petrochemical complex can thus suffer from direct and indirect exposure to unpleasant odors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of VOCs in a Petrochemical Complex by Applying Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

Chen

Yuan

Wang

2014

The petrochemical complex examined in this work includes a great variety of facilities and factories that emit various odorants. A stationary open-path Fourier transform infrared (OPFTIR) system can be used for routine VOC and odor monitoring. However, when odor episodes occur, only multiple mobile OPFTIR systems are able to identify the odorant sources effectively and efficiently. In this study, N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) was found to be the most commonly detected odorant emitted from the investigated petrochemical complex by routine monitoring of a stationary OPFTIR system. Then the sequential deployments of a pair of mobile OPFTIR systems were carried out both upwind and downwind of the different sections of the focal area. The pollution rose plots derived from the data obtained by the pair of mobile OPFTIR systems identified the DMF sources. By conducting correlation analyses on the data obtained from the mobile OPFTIR situated at the downwind location of the DMF emission sources, we found that besides DMF, the dry PU synthetic leather process of plant B was also the major odorant source of 2-butanone, ethyl acetate and isopropanol. The source identification measure developed in this study can be used to clarify possible odorant sources not only for petrochemical industrial complexes but also for other areas associated with various emission sources.