Measurements in vivo of parameters pertinent to ROS/RNS using EPR spectroscopy

Khan, Nadeem; Swartz, Harold M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1087-1_39

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes the types of measurements that have already been made in vivo in animals or could readily be made, and more information is available in recent reviews. [1][2][3][4] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

et al. 2004

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The development and use of in vivo techniques for strictly experimental applications in animals has been very successful, and these results now have made possible some very attractive potential clinical applications. The area with the most obvious immediate, effective and widespread clinical use is oximetry, where EPR almost uniquely can make repeated and accurate measurements of pO 2 in tissues. Such measurements can provide clinicians with information that can impact directly on diagnosis and therapy, especially for oncology, peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. The other area of immediate and timely importance is the unique ability of in vivo EPR to measure clinically significant exposures to ionizing radiation 'after-the-fact', such as may occur due to accidents, terrorism or nuclear war. There are a number of other capabilities of in vivo EPR that also potentially could become extensively used in human subjects. In pharmacology the unique capabilities of in vivo EPR to detect and characterize free radicals could be applied to measure free radical intermediates from drugs and oxidative process. A closely related area of potential widespread applications is the use of EPR to measure nitric oxide. These often unique capabilities, combined with the sensitivity of EPR spectra to the immediate environment (e.g. pH, molecular motion, charge) have already resulted in some very productive applications in animals and these are likely to expand substantially in the near future. They should provide a continually developing base for extending clinical uses of in vivo EPR. The challenges for achieving full implementation include adapting the spectrometer for safe and comfortable measurements in human subjects, achieving sufficient sensitivity for measurements at the sites of the pathophysiological processes that are being measured, and establishing a consensus on the clinical value of the measurements.

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“…Table 1 summarizes the types of measurements that have already been made in vivo in animals or could readily be made, and more information is available in recent reviews. [1][2][3][4] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

et al. 2004

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“…In addition, direct reactions between the ROS and different molecules may also result in antioxidant actions such as the interactions between ROS and NO, -SH, vitamin E, b-carotene, ceruloplasmin, ferritin, transferin, hemoglobin, and ascorbates (28,352,402). Being tightly regulated under normal conditions, intracellular and extracellular ROS are maintained at very low levels (less than 1% of produced ROS) (102,199,250,307,404). If the generation of ROS exceeds its removal by scavengers, the intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS will increase, leading to oxidative stress and a progression of various pathophysiological processes and respective diseases (102,199).…”

Section: A Redox Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being tightly regulated under normal conditions, intracellular and extracellular ROS are maintained at very low levels (less than 1% of produced ROS) (102,199,250,307,404). If the generation of ROS exceeds its removal by scavengers, the intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS will increase, leading to oxidative stress and a progression of various pathophysiological processes and respective diseases (102,199). If the level of ROS increases to even higher levels, its damaging effects, to DNAs, proteins, lipids, and glycols, become inevitable (28,102,199).…”

Section: A Redox Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Raft Redox Signaling: Molecular Mechanisms in Health and Disease

Jin

Zhang

Katirai

et al. 2011

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

104

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Lipid rafts, the sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, are able to form different membrane macrodomains or platforms upon stimulations, including redox signaling platforms, which serve as a critical signaling mechanism to mediate or regulate cellular activities or functions. In particular, this raft platform formation provides an important driving force for the assembling of NADPH oxidase subunits and the recruitment of other related receptors, effectors, and regulatory components, resulting, in turn, in the activation of NADPH oxidase and downstream redox regulation of cell functions. This comprehensive review attempts to summarize all basic and advanced information about the formation, regulation, and functions of lipid raft redox signaling platforms as well as their physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Several molecular mechanisms involving the formation of lipid raft redox signaling platforms and the related therapeutic strategies targeting them are discussed. It is hoped that all information and thoughts included in this review could provide more comprehensive insights into the understanding of lipid raft redox signaling, in particular, of their molecular mechanisms, spatial-temporal regulations, and physiological, pathophysiological relevances to human health and diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 1043-1083.

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“…The development of low frequency (1200 MHz and below) EPR spectrometers has led to the in vivo application of the technique in a variety of animal models. The most extensive applications of in vivo EPR have been repeated non-invasive measurements of oxygen, nitric oxide, free radicals, pH and tissue redox status (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). EPR in vivo has significantly contributed to the understanding of various pathological changes, and has the potential to become an important clinical tool (4,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burn trauma in skeletal muscle results in oxidative stress as assessed by in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance

Tzika¹

2008

Mol Med Rep

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Abstract. Using a mouse model, we tested the hypotheses that severe burn trauma causes metabolic disturbances in skeletal muscle, and that these can be measured and repeatedly followed by in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). We used a 1.2-GHz (L-band) EPR spectrometer to measure partial pressure of oxygen (pO 2 ) levels, redox status and oxidative stress following a non-lethal burn trauma model to the left hind limbs of mice. Results obtained in the burned mouse gastrocnemius muscle indicated a significant decrease in tissue pO 2 immediately (P=0.032) and at 6 h post burn (P=0.004), compared to the gastrocnemius of the unburned hind limb. The redox status of the skeletal muscle also peaked at 6 h post burn (P=0.027) in burned mice. In addition, there was an increase in the EPR signal of the nitroxide produced by oxidation of the hydroxylamine (CP-H) probe at 12 h post burn injury, indicating a burn-induced increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nitroxide signal continued to increase between 12 and 24 h, suggesting a further increase in ROS generation post burn. These results confirm genomic results, which indicate a downregulation of antioxidant genes and therefore strongly suggest the dysfunction of the mitochondrial oxidative system. We believe that the direct measurement of tissue parameters such as pO 2 , redox and ROS by EPR may be used to complement measurements by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in order to assess tissue damage and the therapeutic effectiveness of antioxidant agents in severe burn trauma.

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Measurements in vivo of parameters pertinent to ROS/RNS using EPR spectroscopy

Cited by 29 publications

References 239 publications

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives

Lipid Raft Redox Signaling: Molecular Mechanisms in Health and Disease

Burn trauma in skeletal muscle results in oxidative stress as assessed by in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance

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