Measurements necessary for assessing the net ecosystem carbon budget of croplands

Smith, Pete; Lanigan, Gary; Kutsch, Werner L.; Buchmann, Nina; Eugster, Werner; Aubinet, Marc; Ceschia, Éric; Béziat, Pierre; Yeluripati, Jagadeesh; Osborne, Bruce; Moors, E.J.; Brut, Aurore; Wattenbach, Martin; Saunders, Matthew; Jones, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.04.004

Cited by 255 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Different methods and direct or indirect measurements and use of models were employed to quantify SOC stocks (Mäkipää et al, 2012). The use of these different methods and measurements are to increase precision and accuracy during quantification of SOC (Smith et al, 2010).…”

Section: Soc Measurement and Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Carbon Stocks, Dynamics and Restoration in Relation to Soils of Agroecosystems in Ethiopia: A Review

2017

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Soils represent the largest carbon pool and play important roles for carbon storage for prolonged periods in agroecosystems. A number of studies were conducted to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) worldwide. The objective of this review was to evaluate organic carbon stocks, dynamics and restoration in soils of agroecosystems in Ethiopia. Soil data from 32 different observations, representing four different agroecosystems, were analysed. The mean SOC stocks in the four agroecosystems varied and ranged from 25.66 (sub-humid agroecosystem) to 113.17 (humid midhighland agroecosystems) Mg C ha -1 up to one meter depth. The trend of mean SOC followed (in descending order): humid mid-highland (113.17 Mg C ha -1 ) > per-humid highland (57.14 Mg C ha -1 ) > semi-arid (25.77 Mg C ha -1 ) > sub-humid (25.66 Mg C ha -1 ). Compared with soils of tropical countries, those in Ethiopian agroecosystems contained low SOC storage potential. This might be associated with differences in measurement and analysis methods as 53.1% of the studies employed the Walkley-Black Method, which is known to underestimate carbon stocks in addition to ecological and management effects. However, shifts of land management from rain-fed to irrigation farming systems exhibited progress in the improvement of mean SOC storage potential. The analyses showed that farming systems involving irrigation sequestered more carbon than rain-fed farm systems. The mean SOC in the various agricultural land uses followed the following trend (in descending order): agroforestry (153.57 Mg C ha -1 ) > grazing land (34.61 Mg C ha -1 ) > cereal cultivation (24.18 Mg C ha -1 ). Therefore, the possible solutions for improvement of organic carbon stocks would be implementation of appropriate restoration strategies based on agroecosystems.

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Section: Soc Measurement and Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Carbon Stocks, Dynamics and Restoration in Relation to Soils of Agroecosystems in Ethiopia: A Review

2017

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“…We have summarized the findings of Ciais et al (2010); Smith et al (2010); Jia et al (2012); Ma et al (2013); Haque et al (2015a) for determination of NECB as follows:…”

Section: Estimation Of Necbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the net exchanges of CO 2 could be measured by soil organic C (SOC) changes over a subdecadal or decadal timescale (Pan et al 2004;Lu et al 2009). The NECB analysis is developed as a powerful tool to estimate soil C balance between C sequestration and CO 2 emission (Chapin et al 2006;Smith et al 2010). This method has not been studied adequately in relation to CCB incorporation rates and water management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent drainage in paddy soil: ecosystem carbon budget and global warming potential

Haque

Biswas

Kim

et al. 2016

Paddy Water Environ

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Intermittent drainage of rice fields alters soil redox potential and contributes to the reduction of CH 4 emission and thus may reduce net global warming potential (GWP) during rice cultivation. Incorporation of green biomass helps maintaining soil organic matter, but may increase CH 4 emission. We investigated net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) and net GWP under two water management regimes-continuous flooding and intermittent drainage-having four biomass incorporation levels (0, 3, 6 and 12 Mg ha -1 ). Water management and biomass incorporation level demonstrated significant (P \ 0.05) interaction effect on the NECB and GWP. Intermittent drainage decreased the NECB by ca. 6-46 % than continuous flooding under same rates of cover crop biomass (CCB) incorporation. Moreover, intermittent drainage reduced seasonal CH 4 -C fluxes by ca. 54-58 % and net GWP by 35-58 % compared to continuous flooding. There was also no significant reduction in rice yield because of intermittent drainage under similar CCB. This implies that incorporation of 3 Mg ha -1 CCB and intermittent drainage could be a good option for reducing net GWP and higher grain yield.

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“…The main problem with this configuration is caused by the pressure difference between the chamber and the ambient air, often caused by the applied high flow rates. Any pressure differences larger than one-fifth of a Pa can seriously affect the measured CO 2 efflux (Fang and Moncrieff, 1998;Smith et al, 2010). Serious changes in environmental conditions above the soil surface in the chambers (decreased boundary layer caused by high flow rates, very low or very high CO 2 concentrations, etc.)…”

Section: Z Nagy Et Al: Carbon Fluxes Of Surfaces Vs Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study we sought to contribute to decreasing the uncertainty arising from typical nighttime limitations in eddy flux measurements over flat terrain (Massman and Lee, 2002;Smith et al, 2010). A third goal of the study was to investigate soil respiration dynamics by the gradient method within the soil profile after rainstorms, as a significant percentage of the total CO 2 fluxes occur during these events in drought-prone grasslands ecosystems (Xu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Z Nagy Et Al: Carbon Fluxes Of Surfaces Vs Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fluxes of surfaces vs. ecosystems: advantages of measuring eddy covariance and soil respiration simultaneously in dry grassland ecosystems

et al. 2011

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Abstract. An automated open system for measurement of soil CO 2 efflux (R sc ) was developed and calibrated against known fluxes. The system was tested in the field, while estimating soil respiration simultaneously by the gradient method (R sg ) at a dry, sandy grassland site (Bugac, Hungary). Ecosystem respiration (R eco ) was measured using the eddy covariance technique. The small chamber size (5 cm in diameter) made it possible to use the chambers in vegetation gaps, thereby avoiding the necessity of removing shoots and disturbing the spatial structure of vegetation and the upper soil layer. Low air flow rates associated with small chamber volume and chamber design allowed the overpressure range to stabilize between 0.05-0.12 Pa. The correlation between ecosystem and soil CO 2 efflux rates as measured by the independent methods was significant, R eco rates were similar or even lower than R sc in the low flux (up to 2 µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 ) range but the differences were within the uncertainty limits for the two fluxes. R sc from trenched and non-trenched plots amounted to 16 % and 44 % of R eco , respectively. The gradient method showed both up and downward CO 2 fluxes originating from the main rooting zone after rains. Diffusive retardation played a smaller role than CO 2 production considering the soil air CO 2 concentration increase after rains in a given layer. Downward fluxes within the soil profile amounted to 15 % of the simultaneous upward fluxes and to ∼7.6 % of the total (upward) effluxes during the 3-month study. The upper 5 cm soil layer contributed to ∼50 % of the total soil CO 2 efflux. Downward fluxes are expected to seriously affect (1) the R eco vs. temperature response functions and (2) the net ecosystem exchange Correspondence to: Z. Nagy (nagy.zoltan@mkk.szie.hu) of CO 2 (NEE) vs. photon flux density response functions, therefore potentially affecting the gap filling procedures and to lead to a situation (3) when the measured surface and the real time ecosystem fluxes will necessarily differ in the short term. Simultaneous measurements of R eco and soil CO 2 effluxes may reveal the timing and magnitude of the decoupling, thereby contributing to decreasing uncertainty associated with eddy flux measurements over flat terrains. While the correlations between CO 2 effluxes measured by independent systems are strong, R sg was generally larger than R sc or R eco , mainly due to overestimation of effective diffusivity in the soil.

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Measurements necessary for assessing the net ecosystem carbon budget of croplands

Cited by 255 publications

References 133 publications

Organic Carbon Stocks, Dynamics and Restoration in Relation to Soils of Agroecosystems in Ethiopia: A Review

Organic Carbon Stocks, Dynamics and Restoration in Relation to Soils of Agroecosystems in Ethiopia: A Review

Intermittent drainage in paddy soil: ecosystem carbon budget and global warming potential

Carbon fluxes of surfaces vs. ecosystems: advantages of measuring eddy covariance and soil respiration simultaneously in dry grassland ecosystems

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