Measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating thermal manikin: an overview

Abstract

Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a sweating manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced sweating thermal manikins are finally presented.

New development of research on personal protective equipment (PPE) for occupational safety and health

“…Thus, we believe that this special issue provides recent and significant information of international (Brazil 8 ) , China 10 ) , Finland 3 ) , Netherlands 2 ) , Norway 3 , 4 ) , Poland 11 ) , Switzerland 7 , 11 ) , Sweden 3 ) , the UK 8 ) , and the USA 2 , 8 , 12 ) ) and Japanese 1 , 5 , 9 ) research progress on PPE at work. Even so, this issue has a limitation in that we could not cover every PPE that is important for occupational safety and health, especially concerning head protection, foot protection, protection against falls, ballistic protection, eye and face protection, hearing protection, and respiratory protective devices.…”

“…From this viewpoint, this special issue was planned to represent state-of-the-art knowledge on the development and evaluation of PPE. It is presented by many internationally distinguished experts representing the fields of physical (stabbing 1 ) , radiant heat 2 ) , cold 3 , 4 ) , ionizing radiation 5 ) , vibration 6 ) ), chemical 7 , 8 ) , and biological 9 ) hazard protection and assessment of thermal properties 10 , 11 , 12 ) of PPE and the environmental impacts on occupational safety and health.…”

Using a thermal manikin to determine evaporative resistance and thermal insulation – A comparison of methods

“…That is why another correction for the evaporative resistance calculation was proposed and is presented as equation (3). We get the final equation ( 4), for calculating the corrected evaporative resistance by incorporating both equations (2) and (3) into equation (1) A comprehensive overview of the corrections and the comparison of heat loss vs. mass loss are presented in the review article by Wang [43]. Other proposed corrections (e.g.…”

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of the ventilation system performance in a heated room

“…Furthermore, the use of the thermal manikin is very important as a heat source to generate a thermal plume (Chen et al 2015). Today, thermal manikins are the most realistic to evaluate the heat and the mass transfer of a human body in the buildings (Fan and Chen 2002). For the thermal comfort in occupied zones and the thermal indices, Zhang et al (2019) studied the characterization of microclimates using predicted mean vote (PMV) index in order to optimize the thermal sensation indoor classes.…”