Measurements of downlink power level distributions in LTE networks

Colombi, Davide; Thors, Björn; Wirén, Niklas; Larsson, Lars-Eric; Törnevik, Christer

doi:10.1109/iceaa.2013.6632196

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This is also true for LTE downlink transmission, in which RBSs aim to maximize the throughput by using all available resource blocks (RBs). Similar to WCDMA, the average output power values of LTE RBSs are reduced with short transmission time because of maximized data rate, although the RBSs tend to momentarily transmit at or close to maximum power [15]. In network-based measurements conducted in Sweden in 2013, mean, median, and 90 th percentile output power values of LTE RBSs during high traffic hours were found to be 7.9%, 6.5%, and 12%, respectively, of the maximum available power [15].…”

Section: A Downlinkmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similar to WCDMA, the average output power values of LTE RBSs are reduced with short transmission time because of maximized data rate, although the RBSs tend to momentarily transmit at or close to maximum power [15]. In network-based measurements conducted in Sweden in 2013, mean, median, and 90 th percentile output power values of LTE RBSs during high traffic hours were found to be 7.9%, 6.5%, and 12%, respectively, of the maximum available power [15]. The lower output power values for LTE compared with the WCDMA results reported in [14] and in this study may be attributed to a lower amount of traffic in the LTE network.…”

Section: A Downlinkmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Power Level Distributions of Radio Base Station Equipment and User Devices in a 3G Mobile Communication Network in India and the Impact on Assessments of Realistic RF EMF Exposure

Joshi

Agrawal²,

Thors

et al. 2015

IEEE Access

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The aim of this paper is to present results on output power level distributions of radio base stations (RBSs) and user devices connected to a wideband code division multiple access-based third generation (3G) mobile communication network in India and relate the results to realistic human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the corresponding RBSs and the devices. The output power level distributions have been obtained through network-based measurements. In downlink, data from 868 RBSs were gathered during seven days. The RBSs were connected to five different radio network controllers (RNCs) located in different regions of India. The mean, the median, and the 95th percentile RBS output power values were found to be 24%, 21%, and 53%, respectively, of the maximum available power. In the uplink direction, output power levels of 3G devices connected to 1256 RBSs and the same five RNCs as in the downlink were assessed separately for voice, data, voice + data, and video applications. In total, more than 1 million hours of data traffic and more than 700 000 h of voice calls were measured in the uplink. The mean output power for the voice, data, the voice + data, and the video were found to be around 1%, 3%, 2%, and 4%, respectively, of the maximum available power for the 3G user devices. The findings are in line with previously published results obtained in other networks in Europe, and demonstrate that knowledge on realistic power levels is important for accurate assessments of the RF EMF exposure.INDEX TERMS Output power, power distributions, realistic exposure, UMTS, WCDMA.

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Section: A Downlinkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: A Downlinkmentioning

confidence: 98%

Power Level Distributions of Radio Base Station Equipment and User Devices in a 3G Mobile Communication Network in India and the Impact on Assessments of Realistic RF EMF Exposure

Joshi

Agrawal²,

Thors

et al. 2015

IEEE Access

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“…In [2], Joseph et al also investigated the RF exposure from a trial network consisting of 7 LTE2600 base stations, at 40 locations in an urban environment of Reading, UK, whereas, in [3], Bornkessel and Schubert discuss results of a comprehensive measurement campaign conducted around 7 LTE800 and LTE2600 base stations, at 77 locations, in 5 German cities. A different approach was adopted by Colombi et al,in [4], who determined downlink output power distributions for more than 5000 base stations in a 4G/LTE network by extracting data using the operations support system (OSS) of the network, the results being then verified with in-situ power density measurements for one LTE cell in Stockholm [6]. All these studies revealed that the emissions caused by LTE are well below the ICNIRP reference levels [5], which were adopted by the majority of EU member states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMF exposure measurements on 4G/LTE mobile communication networks

Lunca

Damian

Sălceanu

2014

2014 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE)

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This study reports preliminary results of a survey of the RF electromagnetic fields originating from Long-Term Evolution (LTE) base station antennas. Both indoor and outdoor measurements of LTE1800 and LTE2600 signals were conducted in a large urban area, around a number of LTE transmitters. The measured E-field exposure levels, extrapolated for maximum traffic load, were found to be well below the exposure limits recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for the general public. The results are in line with those of a few studies carried out recently in European countries. Keywords -electromagnetic field; LTE base stations; indoor and outdoor measurements; frequency-selective methodI.

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“…A subchannel may refer to one or multiple resource blocks (RBs) in LTE systems 2. This assumption is consistent with LTE downlink power allocation[23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Multichannel Analysis of Cell Range Expansion and Resource Partitioning in Two-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Dhungana

Tellambura

2016

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) can improve capacity by offloading users from congested macro cells to lightly-loaded small cells through biased association known as cell range expansion (CRE). However, the offloaded (rangeexpanded) users must be protected from macro interference through time/frequency resource partitioning. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework to evaluate the performance gain due to CRE further supported by resource partitioning in two-tier (macro-pico) networks with multi-channel downlinks, for example, those based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). By exploiting the flexibility in subchannel allocation offered by OFDMA, frequency-domain resource partitioning is proposed in which the macro tier is muted on a fraction of total subchannels, which are allocated exclusively to range-expanded pico users. The load perceived by a basestation is a key factor in determining its interference contribution over the network and is directly affected by user offloading and resource partitioning. Thus, the analysis of such systems must incorporate cell load. While previous studies mostly rely on fullload assumption, in this paper, we properly characterize cell load as the function of user density, association bias and resource partitioning fraction. We then, evaluate the performance in terms of average user data rate over the entire network, and also investigate the optimal choice of association bias and resource partitioning fraction.

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Measurements of downlink power level distributions in LTE networks

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Power Level Distributions of Radio Base Station Equipment and User Devices in a 3G Mobile Communication Network in India and the Impact on Assessments of Realistic RF EMF Exposure

Power Level Distributions of Radio Base Station Equipment and User Devices in a 3G Mobile Communication Network in India and the Impact on Assessments of Realistic RF EMF Exposure

EMF exposure measurements on 4G/LTE mobile communication networks

Multichannel Analysis of Cell Range Expansion and Resource Partitioning in Two-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

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