Measurements of energy flow distributions of 10 GeV/c hadronic showers in iron and in aluminium

Physics of cascading shower generation and propagation in matter: principles of high-energy, ultrahigh-energy and compensating calorimetry

“…The hadron cascade, similarly to the electromagnetic cascade, develops along the incoming particle direction (longitudinal direction), as long as the produced secondaries have enough energy to continue the multiplication process. Hadron cascades have been experimentally studied in different materials and for a wide range of incoming particle energies [32,47,99,[215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224]. We will indicate the longitudinal shower depth, t, in units of interaction lengths λ A (from ( 88)).…”

“…The hadronic cascade has a lateral spread due to the production of secondaries at large angles [222,224,231]. Its overall transverse dependence can be approximately described by two components: a main component along the cascade axis which decays fast, and a large and long peripheral component composed mostly of low-energy particles (including neutrons), which carries a relevant fraction of energy away from the cascade axis.…”