Measurements of Equilibrium Vacancy Concentrations in Aluminum

Simmons, R. O.; Balluffi, R. W.

doi:10.1103/physrev.117.52

Cited by 547 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One can be seen that the thermal expansion coefficients increase with absolute temperature T with various pressure. Our calculation results have been compared with the results presented in [22] for Al thin film also as the same thickness 720 nm, and Al bulk [23] under zero pressure showing the excellent agreement. We realize that the thermal expansion coefficients of the thin film is smaller than that of the bulk.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermodynamic Properties of Free Standing Thin Metal films Investigated Using Statistical Moment Method: Temperature and Pressure Dependence

Hùng¹,

Phuong²,

Hòa³

2014

Comm. Phys.

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Abstract. The moment method in the statistical dynamics (SMM) is used to study thermodynamic properties of free standing thin metal films with face-centered cubic structure (fcc) taking into account the anharmonicity effects of the lattice vibrations and hydrostatic pressures. The explicit expressions of the lattice constant, thermal expansion coefficient, and specific heats at the constant volume and those at the constant pressure, CV and CP of the metal thin films are derived in closed analytic forms in terms of the power moments of the atomic displacements. The thermodynamic quantities of Au, Ag, Cu and Al metal thin films are calculated as a function of the temperature and pressure, and they are in good agreement with the corresponding results obtained from other theoretical calculations and experimental values. The effective pair potentials work well for the calculations of fcc metal thin films.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermodynamic Properties of Free Standing Thin Metal films Investigated Using Statistical Moment Method: Temperature and Pressure Dependence

Hùng¹,

Phuong²,

Hòa³

2014

Comm. Phys.

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“…Since we are concerned solely with differences, there is no distinction between predictions for lattice parameter measurements and for macroscopic dimension measurements. The usual terms arising from the creation of new lattice sites (eg Simmons and Balluffi 1960) cancel out exactly. The method we use is similar to Temkin's (1970) earlier treatment of the volume change due to a defect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimension changes in a solid containing anisotropic defects

Stoneham

1973

J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys.

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“…The concept of vacancy-induced thermal disorder was first proved in a famous experiment by Simmons and Baluffi [191]:…”

Section: Asidementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

Egeland

2005

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Zirconium nitride is a material of interest to the AFCI program due to some of its particular properties, such as its high melting point, strength and thermal conductivity. It is to be used as an inert matrix or diluent with a nuclear fuel based on transuranics. As such, it must sustain not only high temperatures, but also continuous irradiation from fission and decay products. This study addresses the issues of irradiation damage and fission product retention in zirconium nitride through an assessment of defects that are produced, how they react, and how predictions can be made as to the overall lifespan of the complete nuclear fuel package.Ion irradiation experiments are a standard method for producing radiation damage to a surface for observation. Cryogenic irradiations are performed to produce the maximum accumulation of defects, while elevated temperature irradiations may be used to allow defects to migrate and react to form clusters and loops. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffractometry were used in evaluating the effects that irradiation has on the crystal structure and microstructure of the material. Other techniques were employed to evaluate physical effects, such as nanoindentation and helium release measurements.Results of the irradiations showed that, at cryogenic temperatures, ZrN withstood over 200 displacements per atom without amorphization. No significant change to the lattice or microstructure was observed. At elevated temperatures, the large amount of damage showed mobility, but did not anneal significantly. Defect clustering was possibly observed, yet the size was too small to evaluate, and bubble formation was not observed.Defects, specifically nitrogen vacancies, affect the mechanical behavior of ZrN dramatically. Current and previous work on dislocations shows a distinct change in slip plane, which is evidence of the bonding characteristics. The stacking-fault energy changes dramatically with lowered nitrogen stoichiometry, resulting in widely spaced partial dislocations in ZrN with high nitrogen vacancy concentration.The wide range of nitrogen stoichiometry in the phase field shows that ZrN may accept nitrogen defects readily. Explanations for this are suggested based upon the bonding structure of these cubic nitrides. This structure allows for a solid framework to remain on one sublattice, while at the same time allowing defects on the other sublattice. This allowance for defects allows significant damage from irradiation yet also decreases the drive for cluster growth. This is evidence that the structure will be acceptable for long-term use as a nuclear reactor fuel.

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Measurements of Equilibrium Vacancy Concentrations in Aluminum

Cited by 547 publications

References 36 publications

Thermodynamic Properties of Free Standing Thin Metal films Investigated Using Statistical Moment Method: Temperature and Pressure Dependence

Thermodynamic Properties of Free Standing Thin Metal films Investigated Using Statistical Moment Method: Temperature and Pressure Dependence

Dimension changes in a solid containing anisotropic defects

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

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