Measurements of Fetal Head Compression Pressure During Bearing Down and Their Relationship to the Condition of the Newborn

Svenningsen, Leif; Lindemann, Rolf; Eidal, Kristin

doi:10.3109/00016348809004184

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Retinal haemorrhages have also been recorded in newborn babies. They were first described as long ago as 1881 by Konigstein (cited in von Barsewisch 1979) and since then there have been many reports describing their incidence, aetiology, morphology, significance and long‐term effects, and pathogenesis (Giles 1960, Critchley 1968, Baum and Bulpitt 1970, Sezen 1971, Bergen and Margolis 1976, von Barsewisch 1979, Egge and others 1980, Levin and others 1980, Van Zundert and others 1986, Svenningsen and Eidal 1987, 1988, Kaur and Taylor 1990, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey of retinal haemorrhages in neonatal thoroughbred foals

Munroe¹

2000

Veterinary Record

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Twenty-seven of 167 neonatal thoroughbred foals (16 per cent) were found to have retinal haemorrhages after a careful examination of the entire fundus. Experience in differentiating haemorrhages from other lesions, and the selection of foals from normal populations, were considered to have an important effect on their apparent incidence. Bilateral haemorrhages were more common and there was a significantly higher incidence in female foals. The numbers of haemorrhages ranged between one and 20; 36 per cent of eyes with retinal haemorrhages had the small punctate type and 56 per cent had the splash-like form. There was no change from one type of haemorrhage to another, and the patterns of resolution were similar. The haemorrhages were in the tapetal fundus, except two that were recorded in the optic disc, and they resolved within 10 days. No short- or long-term ocular or neurological effects of the retinal haemorrhages were detected, and they were not related to the incidence of abnormal foal behaviour.

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confidence: 99%

Survey of retinal haemorrhages in neonatal thoroughbred foals

Munroe¹

2000

Veterinary Record

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“…Six studies indicate that the peak pressure between the head and pelvis may be as high 120 to 300 mm Hg during normal labor 67 8 9 10 11 The study by Antonucci et al12 reports pressures from 235 to 514 mm Hg. The highest pressures reported by all studies occur at the cranial “equator” (largest diameter of the skull) and are lower elsewhere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Intrapartum Fetal Head Compression: What Is the Impact on the Fetal Brain?

Heyborne

2017

AJP Rep

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Objective During labor the fetal head is subjected to pressure related to uterine contractions and maternal pushing. Here we systematically review what is known about fetal head compression and its effects on fetal intracranial pressure, oxygenation, blood flow and cerebral function, and the plausibility that it might cause isolated fetal brain injury. Study Design Systematic review of intrapartum fetal head compression and fetal brain injury in accordance with the MOOSE methodology. The PubMed database was searched using a combination of the terms “fetal,” “head,” “cranial,” “extracranial,” “pressure,” and “compression.” Additional references were obtained using multiple strategies. Results were evaluated, and relevant studies encompassing animal and human data using several approaches are summarized in this review. Results Studies support a significant increase in fetal extracranial pressure with contractions and pushing. However, available data do not support a concomitant significant relative increase in intracranial pressure, a reduction in cerebral circulation or oxygenation, or an impact on cerebral function. Conclusion A review of the literature indicates that fetal intracranial pressure is well protected from extracranial forces. Available data do not support intrapartum fetal extracranial pressure as a cause of fetal brain injury. Precis The fetal brain is relatively unaffected by intrapartum fetal head compression.

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“…Another consequence, more difficult to be perfectly understanded, is represented by the birth trauma. When a child is born by natural way, he/she suffers a very big head compression, with the pressure, measured by a small transducer inserted between the fetal head and the wall of the birth canal, reaching mean value of 157.9 mmHg (ranging from 38 to 390 mmHg) [13]. These values, surely, do not represent the real value reached by the fetal ICP, but may signify, considering the elasticity of the fetal skull, a condition very similar to a sort of "brain tamponade" for a reduction of available intracranial space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Anomaly in Vertebrates’ Evolution as Limit of Human Evolution

Anile¹

2021

EEB

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During several years we have studied the so-called "intracranial system", that is the system constituted by a container, rigid and not expandable (skull and dura mater), and by non-compressible contents, represented by the brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. We studied this system in different animal models, in vitro in a physical model, and in patients. While the circulatory system is different in the various types of vertebrates, less complex in fishes and more complex in birds and in mammalians, the intracranial system is always the same, constituted by the same things, skull, dura mater, subarachnoid spaces, ventricles, parenchyma, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. All these things follow the same rule, that is the Monro-Kellie doctrine. In other words, there is an exact balance between the blood flow inlet and the blood flow outlet for each cardiac cycle. This constitutes, for each instant considered, the constancy of the intracranial blood volume. This phenomenon is always the same in all the species examined: this fact forced us to ask what the real significance of this system in the evolutive field was. Why the circulatory system follows the laws of the evolution, from less to more complexity, and the intracranial system seems to escape from these same laws? The question has two answers: the first relates to the function of this system. Being to be enclosed in a rigid box permits to minimize the necessity of more space to compensate the spontaneous increase in blood volume due to the dilation of the arteries during the systolic period of the cardiac cycle. The second one is relative to the human birth: the birth of a human being is not possible without the protection furnished by a rigid skull.

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Measurements of Fetal Head Compression Pressure During Bearing Down and Their Relationship to the Condition of the Newborn

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Survey of retinal haemorrhages in neonatal thoroughbred foals

Survey of retinal haemorrhages in neonatal thoroughbred foals

A Systematic Review of Intrapartum Fetal Head Compression: What Is the Impact on the Fetal Brain?

An Anomaly in Vertebrates’ Evolution as Limit of Human Evolution

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