Measurements of Indoor Radon Levels and Dose Estimation and Lung Cancer Risk Determination for Workers in Health Centres of Some Towns in the Sudan

Elzain, Abd-Elmoniem A.

doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20160504.12

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…The relative risk of lung cancer (RRLC) due to indoor exposure to radon should be calculated by using the following formula [29,52]:…”

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confidence: 99%

Radon Monitoring in the Environment

Elzain¹

2017

Radon

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Radon is a natural radioactive gas used to estimate the radioactive hazard in the environment. Radon (222Rn), which is one of the daughters of uranium (238U), represents the most essential isotope, with a half-life of 3.825 days. The associated health risks due to inhalation and ingestion of radon and its progeny when present in enhanced levels in an indoor environment like a human dwelling have been documented. In this chapter, we have discussed the sources and techniques besides the methods used for measuring radon gas in the environment including soil, water, building materials, etc., which are well documented. A wide range of techniques for the detection and quantification of radon has been developed over the last few years. There is no single technique that can meet all the requirements of the different types of the radon measurements. Finally, we have mentioned the most essential information effecting the radon monitoring in the environment and the methods of measuring and controlling the concentration values throughout the environment; we have also mentioned the effect of radon on the inhabitants through the estimation of the effective dose rates and lung cancer risk due to radon gas when its values exceed the action level values.

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“…The relative risk of lung cancer (RRLC) due to indoor exposure to radon should be calculated by using the following formula [29,52]:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Monitoring in the Environment

Elzain¹

2017

Radon

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Seasonal variation of the S-index as it relates to the concentration of 222Rn inside a bunker that stores radioactive material

Rojas-Arias

Sandoval-Garzón

Medina-Higuera

et al. 2020

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Assessment of environmental radioactivity concentration and effective dose rates from radon gas exposure from water samples in Gezira State, Sudan

Elzain,

Shady,

Yagob

2024

Radioprotection

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This study aims to estimate the radon concentration and annual effective dose rate from water samples in Gezira State, Sudan. The study used 26 samples from various locations and analyzed them using a RAD7 electronic radon detector and RAD-H2O accessory (Durridge Co., USA). The effective dose rates received by individuals were estimated based on ingestion, inhalation, and age group (infants, children, and adults). The radon concentration in water samples ranged from (1.55±0.13 to 18.38±3.05) Bq.l-1, with a mean value of 7.68±1.07 Bq.l-1. The effective dose rates reserved by radon released from water to indoor air ranged from (3.87±0.32 to 45.89±7.62) Sv.y-1 with a mean value of 19.17±2.68 Sv.y-1. The effective dose rates due to ingestion, inhalation, and the total annual effective dose rate were found to range from (3.80±0.32 to 45.03±7.47; 3.91±0.33 to 46.32±7.69 and 7.70±0.65 to 91.35±15.16) Sv.y-1respectively, with mean values of (18.81±2.63; 19.34±2.71 and 38.15±5.34) Sv.y-1 respectively. Meanwhile, the calculated annual effective dose rates for infants, children, and adults have ranges of (16.28±1.37to 192.99±32.03; 10.85±0.91 to 128.66±21.35 and 7.75±0.65 to 91.90±15.25) Sv.y-1 respectively, with mean values of (80.60±11.27; 53.73±7.51and 38.38±5.37) Sv.y-1 respectively. The study shows that 23.1% of the samples exceeded the maximum contamination level, with 76.9% below the USEPA's maximum contaminant level of 11.1 Bq.l-1. All samples (100%) showed radon below the WHO and EU's reference level of 100 Bq.l-1. The overall radiation dose due to radon from water increased with age and water consumption rates, but was significantly lower than the UNSCEAR and WHO recommended limit of 103 Sv.y-1(1mSv.y-1). The radiation dose rate received by the bronchial epithelium via inhalation was about double the value if compared to stomach walls via ingestion. The findings were compared to other studies.

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Measurements of Indoor Radon Levels and Dose Estimation and Lung Cancer Risk Determination for Workers in Health Centres of Some Towns in the Sudan

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Radon Monitoring in the Environment

Radon Monitoring in the Environment

Seasonal variation of the S-index as it relates to the concentration of 222Rn inside a bunker that stores radioactive material

Assessment of environmental radioactivity concentration and effective dose rates from radon gas exposure from water samples in Gezira State, Sudan

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