Measurements of Kelvin-Equivalent Size Distributions of Well-Defined Aerosols with Particle Diameters > 13 nm

The History of Condensation Nucleus Counters

“…The SANC was also used to measure the water vapor supersaturation required to initiate condensational growth on monodisperse NaCl and DOP aerosols in the 13 to 100 nm diameter range. They found that the supersaturation required for DOP was in good agreement with predictions of the Kelvin Equation, but that the Kelvin equivalent size for NaCl was about a factor of 4 higher than the electrical mobility diameter, presumably due to the solubility of NaCl in water (Liu et al 1984).…”

Heterogeneous Nucleation of Water Vapor on Monodispersed Ag and NaCl Particles with Diameters Between 6 and 18 nm

“…The extrema of these curves can be uniquely correlated, and thus an independent quantitative determination of droplet size and droplet concentration can be performed (Wagner, 1975). It has been shown previously (Liu et al, 1982(Liu et al, , 1984) that droplet concentrations between about 200 and l o 6 cm-3 can be measured by means of the SANC with strictly linear response. Furthermore, the SANC allows measurements at saturation ratios ranging from about 102% to 400%, with a reproducibility better than + 0.1% for saturation ratios below 110%.…”

“…Although the Volmer theory of heterogeneous nucleation on plane insoluble surfaces was confirmed by Twomey (1959), the physical processes involved in nucleation of not perfectly wettable insoluble small particles are not fully understood. Measurements of heterogeneous nucleation on submicron AgJ and wax particles (Jiusto and Kocmond, 1968) and on DOP particles (Liu et al, 1984) show that these particles behave like pure water droplets. These results agree with the experimental data of Yoshida et al (1976) and of Kousaka et al (1982).…”

“…To foster the knowledge of ultrafine aerosols and heterogeneous nucleation, two interinstitutional workshops wei-e held in Vienna in 1979 (Liu et al, 1982(Liu et al, , 1984 and in 1980. This paper reports the results of the Second WUFA Workshop, held in Vienna in the autumn of 1980.…”

Heterogeneous Nucleation with Finite Activation Energy and Perfect Wetting: Capillary Theory Versus Experiments with Nanometer Particles, and Extrapolations on the Smallest Detectable Nucleus

“…Chen and Cheng (2007) have previously observed an analogous need to decrease the surface tension to fit their own data to the Kelvin curve, also at relatively large diameters (10-15 nm). Several prior studies with large particles have compared critical diameters for heterogeneous nucleation in water vapor with the corresponding Kelvin diameter, and found either agreement (i.e., Liu et al 1984 for dioctyl phthalate drops 18 and 56 nm in diameter in water vapor), or diameters larger than Kelvin's (i.e., Porstendorfer et al 1985 for Ag particles 6-19 nm in diameter, and Alofs et al 1995 for silver particles 16, 19, and 30 nm in diameter).…”