Measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) using ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry during the 2009 SHARP field campaign

Levy, Misti; Zhang, Renyi; Zheng, Jun; Zhang, Annie L.; Xu, Wen; Gomez-Hernandez, Mario; Wang, Yuan; Olaguer, Eduardo P.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.024

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Also, hydration and oligomerization reactions of glyoxal and methyglyoxal, which are produced with high yields by aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation from traffic emissions, are enhanced by sulfate formation, because these reactions are highly dependent on particle hygroscopicity (30,32,42). Furthermore, gaseous HONO formed from the aqueous SO 2 oxidation with NO 2 provides an additional photochemical OH source that enhances the atmospheric oxidizing capability during the hazy periods (43). It should also be pointed out that severe haze formation in China is characterized by a complex interplay between meteorological, thermodynamic, and chemical processes (1,21,44).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Wang

Zhang

Gómez

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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1,176

922

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Sulfate aerosols exert profound impacts on human and ecosystem health, weather, and climate, but their formation mechanism remains uncertain. Atmospheric models consistently underpredict sulfate levels under diverse environmental conditions. From atmospheric measurements in two Chinese megacities and complementary laboratory experiments, we show that the aqueous oxidation of SO 2 by NO 2 is key to efficient sulfate formation but is only feasible under two atmospheric conditions: on fine aerosols with high relative humidity and NH 3 neutralization or under cloud conditions. Under polluted environments, this SO 2 oxidation process leads to large sulfate production rates and promotes formation of nitrate and organic matter on aqueous particles, exacerbating severe haze development. Effective haze mitigation is achievable by intervening in the sulfate formation process with enforced NH 3 and NO 2 control measures. In addition to explaining the polluted episodes currently occurring in China and during the 1952 London Fog, this sulfate production mechanism is widespread, and our results suggest a way to tackle this growing problem in China and much of the developing world.sulfate aerosol | severe haze | pollution | human health | climate

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Wang

Zhang

Gómez

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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1,176

922

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“…[33][34][35] Meanwhile, NO 2 and O 3 are more likely come from secondary formations. 36 In the urban site, the correlations of CO with NO and NO x during the whole observation were all higher than 0.8 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nitrous acid (HONO) formation mechanism in winter Beijing: direct emissions and heterogeneous production in urban and suburban areas

et al. 2016

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Continuous measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) were performed from December 12 to December 22, 2015 in both urban and suburban areas of Beijing to study the formation mechanism of HONO. The measurement campaign in both sites included a cleanhaze-clean transformation process. HONO concentrations showed similar variations in the two sites, while they were always higher in the urban area. Moreover, correlations of HONO with NO x , NO 2 , NO, PM 2.5 and relative humidity (RH) were studied to explore possible HONO formation pathways, and the contributions of direct emissions, heterogeneous reactions, and homogeneous reactions were also calculated. This showed that HONO in urban and suburban areas underwent totally different formation procedures, which were affected by meteorological conditions, PM 2.5 concentrations, direct emissions, homogeneous reactions and heterogeneous reactions. PM 2.5 concentrations and RH would influence the NO 2 conversion efficiency. Heterogeneous reactions of NO 2 were more efficient in suburban areas and in clean periods while direct emissions and homogeneous reactions contributed more in urban areas and in polluted periods when the concentrations of NO x and NO were at a high level.

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“…Time resolution, sensitivity, the absence of any artefact and the capability to perform measurements under diverse environmental conditions are paramount of importance in the performance of analytical instruments. Given that the increasing atmospheric interest in measuring HONO, intercomparison studies of instruments have been conducted in previous field measurements Stutz et al 2010;Levy et al 2014;Pinto et al 2014). Excellent agreement between LOPAP and LP-DOAS has been obtained (slope=0.987±0.015; r 2 =0.87) .…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammelmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Taking into consideration the important role of the HONO photodissociation in the atmosphere, various techniques have been developed and deployed for its atmospheric measurements, such as long path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) and chemical techniques (Febo et al 1996;Spindler et al 2003), long path absorption photometry (LOPAP) (Heland et al 2001;Kleffmann et al 2006) and ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ID-CIMS) (Hirokawa et al 2009;Levy et al 2014). Time resolution, sensitivity, the absence of any artefact and the capability to perform measurements under diverse environmental conditions are paramount of importance in the performance of analytical instruments.…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) in urban area of Shanghai, China

Bernard

Cazaunau

Grosselin

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Nitrous acid (HONO), as a precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), plays an important role in the photochemistry of the troposphere, especially in the polluted urban atmosphere. A field campaign was conducted to measure atmospheric HONO concentration and that of other pollutants (such as NO 2 and particle mass concentration) in the autumn of 2009 at Shanghai urban areas. HONO mixing ratios were simultaneously measured by three different techniques: long path absorption photometer (LOPAP), differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The measurements showed that the mixing ratios of HONO were highly variable and depended strongly on meteorological parameters. The HONO levels ranged from 0.5 to 7 ppb with maximum values during early morning and minimum levels during late afternoon. The three instruments reproduced consistent diurnal pattern of HONO concentrations with higher concentration during the night compared to the daylight hours. Comparison of HONO LOPAP /HONO CIMS ratios during daytime and nighttime periods exhibited a non-systematic disagreement of 0.93 and 1.16, respectively. This would indicate different chemical compositions of sampled air for the LOPAP and the CIMS instruments during daytime and nighttime periods, which have possibly affected measurements. Mean HONO concentration reported by LOPAP was 33 % higher than by DOAS on the whole period with no significant difference between daytime and nighttime periods. This revealed a systematic deviation from both instruments. The present data provides complementary information of HONO ambient levels in the atmosphere of Shanghai urban areas.

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Measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) using ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry during the 2009 SHARP field campaign

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze

Exploring the nitrous acid (HONO) formation mechanism in winter Beijing: direct emissions and heterogeneous production in urban and suburban areas

Measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) in urban area of Shanghai, China

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