Measurements of normal joint angles by goniometry in calves

Şirin, Özlem Şengöz; Çelik, Malik; Ozmen, A; Avki, Sırrı

doi:10.3415/vcot-13-04-0046

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…For the first time, the fetlock joint angle in calves with contracted flexors has been recorded. The goniometric measurements of limb joints only proximal to the fetlock joints in healthy, awake Holstein Friesian calves restrained in lateral recumbency (Sirin et al 2014) and standing sheep (Govoni et al 2012) were recently reported. In the calves of the present study, the angle of the fetlock deflection varied from 30° to 65°.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The foot of the limb placed on the upper side was extended slightly and, using a protractor, the angle formed between a central longitudinal arbitrary line on the lateral aspect of the metacarpal or metatarsal bone with that of the central line of the corresponding foot was recorded (Sirin et al 2014). The calves were then restrained on the contralateral side and the fetlock angle recorded in the same manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and effect of oxytetracycline on congenital fetlock knuckling in neonatal dairy calves

Fazili

Bhattacharyya

Mir

et al. 2014

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Musculoskeletal system deformities were observed in 24 (34.3%) of 70 neonatal dairy calves that presented with different congenital abnormalities. Among them, 19 calves (27.1%), the majority of which were crossbred Jersey calves of either gender with mean (± s.e.) body weight 22.00 kg ± 1.17 kg and aged 7.11 ± 1.16 days, were presented for treatment of congenital knuckling. Five of the knuckling calves had additional concurrent congenital conditions and were excluded from the present study. All of the remaining 14 calves showing moderate, bilateral fetlock knuckling had a wooden or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) splint applied to the palmar or plantar aspect of the affected limbs. All of the animals received a dose of the analgesic tolfenamic acid intramuscularly, and were randomly allocated to two equal groups. Calves of Group I additionally received oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg intravenous daily for 3 days). The condition resolved satisfactorily in 83.3% and 80.0% calves from the two groups, respectively. The left and right fetlock angle (mean ± SE) reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.01) from 50.57° ± 4.20° to 4.00° ± 2.27° and 48.71° ± 2.37° to 5.33° ± 3.03°, respectively in animals of Group I. In Group II calves, the angles showed reduction from 50.86° ± 2.94° to 4.20° ± 2.75° and from 48.71° ± 3.14° to 6.80° ± 3.34°, respectively. From the present study, it was concluded that bilateral moderate fetlock knuckling in the neonatal dairy calves can be managed satisfactorily with early application of splints. Supplementary use of oxytetracycline at repeated doses of low toxicity had only a marginally beneficial effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and effect of oxytetracycline on congenital fetlock knuckling in neonatal dairy calves

Fazili

Bhattacharyya

Mir

et al. 2014

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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“…The angle of the knuckling was measured following the procedure described by Sirin et al [ 13 ] with minor modifications. Briefly, the calves were confined without any prior medication in lateral recumbency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital digital flexural deformity (knuckling): Epidemiology, the association of trace elements and surgical treatment in neonatal bovine calves

Chakraborty¹,

Akter²,

Rahman³

et al. 2023

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of congenital flexural deformity (knuckling), to identify the association between trace elements and vitamins with the deformity, and to apply different surgical techniques for correcting this congenital malformation in newborn bovine calves. Materials and Methods: The study was implemented on 17 newborn calves with carpal (knee) and fetlock (foot) knuckling presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from January to December 2020. The serum biochemical alterations and clinical outcomes were assessed on days 0 and 21 following surgery. Two surgical methods: ten¬don transection and tendon elongation by Z-tenotomy, were performed for surgical restoration. Results: We found that knuckling comprised 12% of the total congenitally malformed calves. The male calves had a higher prevalence (52%, n = 9) and the same in the winter season (65%, n = 11). The majority of the knuckling was bilateral types (88%, n = 15), involving the carpal joint (82%, n = 14) and moderately angulated (59%, n = 10). The serum level of magnesium, iron, vitamin D, and zinc were significantly (p < 0.05) changed from the pre-surgical stage to the stage of non-lameness after surgery. The disorder was surgically treated by tendon transection or tendon elongation procedure and had a good prognosis. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the development of knuckling in calves might be related to a deficiency/excess of specific minerals and vitamins and that it can be effectively cor¬rected by surgical intervention; however, early diagnosis and the use of proper surgical techniques are crucial for improving the prognosis.

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Goniometric Evaluation and Passive Range of Joint Motion in Chondrodystrophic and Non-Chondrodystrophic Dogs of Different Sizes

et al. 2020

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Objective This study aimed to evaluate angle values in maximal flexion and extension; the passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsus; and the carpal abduction and adduction of chondrodystrophic (CD) and non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs of different sizes. Study Design Goniometric evaluation was performed in triplicate using a universal goniometer. CD dogs were categorized into miniature, small, medium, large and giant sizes, whereas NCD dogs were allocated to small- and medium-size groups. Hence, each of the seven subgroups comprised 11 clinically healthy dogs. For data analysis, the Levene test was used to evaluate homoscedasticity. The means of each joint angle with the means in each group as well as the PROM between the CD and NCD groups was compared by the Student's t-test; meanwhile, the means of the joint angles and ROM among the sizes were compared by analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test. In those cases, when no homogeneity variance was observed, the Bonferroni test was used. In every case, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results The articular angles and PROM differed according to the dog size and type, that is, CD or NCD. Conclusion The goniometric values and PROM of dogs depend on the joint type, dog size and chondrodystrophy status. Further studies are necessary to increase the accuracy of the results and to establish the predominant factors governing the differences discovered.

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Measurements of normal joint angles by goniometry in calves

Abstract: The data of this study acquired objective and useful information on the normal forelimb and hindlimb joint angles in normal Holstein calves. Further studies can be done to predict detailed goniometric values from different diseases and compare them.

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and effect of oxytetracycline on congenital fetlock knuckling in neonatal dairy calves

Prevalence and effect of oxytetracycline on congenital fetlock knuckling in neonatal dairy calves

Congenital digital flexural deformity (knuckling): Epidemiology, the association of trace elements and surgical treatment in neonatal bovine calves

Goniometric Evaluation and Passive Range of Joint Motion in Chondrodystrophic and Non-Chondrodystrophic Dogs of Different Sizes

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