“…The results from the categorization of codes in the open and axial coding stages for identifying effective outcomes in the design and validation of the model are presented in Table 4. These results align with and confirm the findings of various researchers (Aldarmaki & Yaakub, 2022;Dash & Pati, 2018;Deshmukh & Deshmukh, 2016;Gholizadeh et al, 2022;Houshangifar, 2022;Khorasani et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2011;Mayes et al, 2017;Nahi-Far et al, 2018;Otoo, 2019;Pathak & Agrawal, 2019;Philip, 2017;Rajabi et al, 2017;Rakhshani et al, 2020;Ramezani & Najjari, 2022;Shafiee-Zadeh, 2022;Thu Thuy & Thanh Tam, 2017;Valentine et al, 2013).…”