Measurements of permeability of saturated and unsaturated soils

Pandey, Pratiksha; Lynch, Kaine; Sivakumar, V.; Solan, Brian; Tripathy, Snehasis; Nanda, Sarita; Donohue, Shane

doi:10.1680/jgeot.19.p.058

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The above observations have clearly indicated a reduction in volumetric water content and an increase in suction due to circulation of a low-humidity air. Similar observations have been reported by Lynch et al (2019) and Martini and Tarantino (2020) respectively while establishing soil-water characteristic curve and stabilising tunnel lining using dry-air circulation technique.…”

Section: Suction and Volumetric Water Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

Sivakumar

Pandey

Tripathy

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnica

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Many available ground improvement techniques are effective, but involve large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Any green ground improvement technique would thus be beneficial. In this work, dry air, supplied at low pressure and relative humidity, was used to remove water from a soft soil deposit. The investigation was carried out at model scale, with a soft soil layer formed in a box of size 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.75 m. The soil bed was fitted with slender granular columns for the injection of dry air. The technique is the reverse process of vacuum consolidation, in which the magnitude of negative pore water pressure that can be applied to the soil is limited and thus requires careful construction procedures. The dry-air approach is simple and does not require any complex construction procedures. The investigations carried out over a limited period showed a significant improvement in the strength of the soil bed, indicating possible full-scale implementation. Full-scale implementation of the technique may not require any new construction methods as the procedure is very similar to that adopted in vacuum consolidation. However, variabilities in ground conditions, including the groundwater table, may pose additional challenges and supplementary information (soil–water characteristic data and numerical modelling) may be necessary to implement this technique at full scale.

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Section: Suction and Volumetric Water Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

Sivakumar

Pandey

Tripathy

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnica

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“…Soil moisture is a key element in controlling the exchange of water and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere and therefore terrestrial environments. There has been growing interest in the development of soil moisture sensors to improve underlying techniques and tools [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. In particular, the need for preserving soil properties has been a great concern in monitoring soil moisture in recent years (e.g., [ 3 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Non-Invasive Approach to Evaluating Soil Moisture without Soil Disturbances: Contactless Ultrasonic System

Woo

Hong

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Soil moisture has been considered a key variable in governing the terrestrial ecosystem. However, it is challenging to preserve indigenous soil characteristics using conventional soil moisture monitoring methods that require maximum soil contacts. To overcome this issue, we developed a non-destructive method of evaluating soil moisture using a contactless ultrasonic system. This system was designed to measure leaky Rayleigh waves at the air–soil joint-half space. The influences of soil moisture on leaky Rayleigh waves were explored under sand, silt, and clay in a controlled experimental design. Our results showed that there were strong relationships between the energy and amplitude of leaky Rayleigh waves and soil moisture for all three soil cases. These results can be explained by reduced soil strengths during evaporation processes for coarse soil particles as opposed to fine soil particles. To evaluate soil moisture based on the dynamic parameters and wave properties obtained from the observed leaky Rayleigh waves, we used the random forest model. The accuracy of predicted soil moisture was exceptional for test data sets under all soil types (R2 ≥ 0.98, RMSE ≤ 0.0089 m3 m−3). That is, our study demonstrated that the leaky Rayleigh waves had great potential to continuously assess soil moisture variations without soil disturbances.

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“…Various studies have been conducted over recent years to link air permeability with dry density, liquid saturation, and pore size (Zhan et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2017;Xu L. et al, 2020). Some studies on liquid permeability have concentrated on the influences of liquid saturation and dry density (Wang H. K. et al, 2020;Pandey et al, 2021). However, previous studies on the permeability of unsaturated soils were performed at air permeability or liquid permeability, and very little data regarding the functional relationship between liquid permeability and air permeability have been reported, except for the tests reported by Zhang D. F. et al (2020) and Zhan et al (2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in air and liquid permeability properties of loess due to the effect of lead contamination

Wen

Cheng

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Heavy metals in landfill leachate are easily adsorbed by soil particles, causing serious threats to human health and surrounding environments. Mining and metallurgy activities are intensive in Northwest China, thereby enlarging threats. The aim of the present study is to enhance our knowledge about the linkage between the microstructural evolution of the loess soil induced by lead contamination and the macro air and liquid permeability properties. A series of air and liquid permeability tests on the uncontaminated and Pb-contaminated loess specimens were conducted. Their air and liquid permeability properties were evaluated on the basis of Darcy’s law and the soil–water retention curves, respectively. The microstructural evolution, when subjected to low and high Pb2+ concentrations, was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and zeta potential tests. The intrusion of Pb2+ decreases the absolute zeta potential ζ, which in turn leads to a more distinct agglomerated structure and higher intrinsic permeability. Moreover, the dedolomitization and associated cerussite (PbCO3) precipitation are deemed as the main cause of micropore clogging, whereas the corrosion of the cement between soil particles by H+ shows a good correspondence to an increase in the number of mesopores. With the concentration of Pb2+ increasing from 0 to 2,000 mg/kg, the proportion of micropores decreases from 37.9% to 15.1%, and the proportion of mesopores increases from 17.3% to 53.3%. In addition, the air entry value decreased from 19.5 to 12.8 kPa, indicating that the water retention behavior decreased. The findings highlight the impacts of lead contamination on the microstructure and macro permeability properties and give some design guideposts to heavy metal-contaminated site remediation.

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Measurements of permeability of saturated and unsaturated soils

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

A Novel and Non-Invasive Approach to Evaluating Soil Moisture without Soil Disturbances: Contactless Ultrasonic System

Changes in air and liquid permeability properties of loess due to the effect of lead contamination

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