Measurements of radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and absolute transition probabilities in atomic samarium using laser-induced fluorescence

Investigation of highly excited states of samarium

“…Of these, 200 states were identified by using the aforementioned technique based on the observation of groups consisting of three to five max ima. The other 142 states are those that were observed in [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Only one (52 states) or two (90 states) max ima in the N + (ω) dependence correspond to the exci tation of these states.…”

“…The development of lasers enabled application of methods of multistep laser spectroscopy to studying higher lying states [4], which allowed obtaining exten sive data on highly excited even parity states of samar ium [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, despite the large number of experimental studies carried out thus far, these data are still far from being complete.…”

High-Resolution Spectroscopy

“…This way, large number of radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and excitation cross sections can be measured. We have demonstrated its utility by measuring radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and consequently absolute transition probabilitiesboth of first and second excited levels of samarium [14]. It must be mentioned that conventional methods of measuring branching ratios are quite complex and error prone.…”

“…This enables simultaneous spectrally and temporally resolved fluorescence. We have exploited this for the sake of measurement of radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and excitation cross sections of both first and second steps [14]. Figure 11.23 shows the schematic of the experimental setup for this purpose.…”

Understanding photoexcitation dynamics in a three-step photoionization of atomic uranium and measurement of photoexcitation and photoionization cross sections

“…Precise information on photoexcitation and photoionization cross sections is necessary in the selection of an efficient multi-step photoionization scheme. It also helps in the distribution of the available tunable laser powers between various steps for efficient photoionization of atom.Several laser-based methods such as transition saturation [1,9,12], branching ratio and life time [12][13][14][15][16], Rabi oscillations [12], Autler-Towns [12,17] are reported in the literature by various research groups worldwide for the measurement of photoexcitation cross sections. With the exception of Mclaughlin et al [18] who have measured the absolute photoionization cross section of Ti from the second excited level by observing the depletion in the fluorescence signal, the saturation method is the most suitable for the measurement of photoionization cross section [19][20][21][22].…”