Measurements of size-fractionated concentration and bulk dry deposition of atmospheric particulate bound mercury

Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Zhang, Leiming; Huang, Chao-Yang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.052

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It includes deposition processes, such as turbulent transfer, Brownian diffusion, impaction, interception, gravitational settling, and particle rebound. Our estimation of deposition flux should be more accurate than those using a constant deposition velocity in previous studies such as Fang et al (2012), Wang et al (2006), and Lombard et al (2011).…”

Section: Calculation Of Wet and Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Particulate mercury is associated with airborne particles, such as dust, soot, and sea salt aerosols, and is likely produced by adsorption of RGM onto atmospheric particles (Lu and Schroeder, 2004). Most research indicates higher Hg P concentrations and fractions in suspended particles in urban or industrial areas than in rural areas (Fang et al, 2001a(Fang et al, , 2011a(Fang et al, , 2012Kim et al, 2012). Also, some measurements of Hg P were conducted to estimate the dry deposition of mercury onto the particle surface (Fang et al, 2011b(Fang et al, , 2011cWan et al, 2009b;Keeler et al, 1995;Chand et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A comprehensive measurement study of mercury wet deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury (Hg P ) concurrent with meteorological variables was conducted from June 2011 to February 2012 to evaluate the characteristics of mercury deposition and particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration of mercury in rainwater was 52.9 ng L −1 with a range of 46.3-63.6 ng L −1 . The wet deposition per unit area was averaged 56.5 µg m −2 over 9 months, which was lower than that in most Chinese cities, but much higher than annual deposition in urban North America and Japan. The wet deposition flux exhibited obvious seasonal variation strongly linked with the amount of precipitation. Wet deposition in summer contributed more than 80 % to the total amount. A part of contribution to wet deposition of mercury from anthropogenic sources was evidenced by the association between wet deposition and sulfates, as well as nitrates in rainwater. The ions correlated most significantly with mercury were formate, calcium, and potassium, which suggested that natural sources including vegetation and resuspended soil should be considered as an important factor to affect the wet deposition of mercury in Nanjing. The average Hg P concentration was 1.10 ± 0.57 ng m −3 . A distinct seasonal distribution of Hg P concentrations was found to be higher in winter as a result of an increase in the PM 10 concentration. Overall, more than half of the Hg P existed in the particle size range less than 2.1 µm. The highest concentration of Hg P in coarse particles was observed in summer, while Hg P in fine particles dominated in fall and winter. The size distribution of averaged mercury content in particulates was bimodal, with two peaks in the bins of < 0.7 µm and 4.7-5.8 µm. Dry deposition per unit area of Hg P was estimated to be 47.2 µg m −2 using meteorological conditions and a size-resolved particle dry deposition model. This was 16.5 % less than mercury wet deposition. Compared to Hg P in fine particles, Hg P in coarse particles contributed more to the total dry deposition due to higher deposition velocities. Negative correlation between precipitation and the Hg P concentration reflected the effect of scavenging of Hg P by precipitation.

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Section: Calculation Of Wet and Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China

et al. 2014

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“…CPBM contributions to Hg wet deposition may be important because coarse particles are easily removed by below-cloud scavenging [Andronache, 2003;Henzing et al, 2006] and CPBM concentrations in air are not negligible [Feddersen et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2014]. The importance of CPBM in the dry deposition budget was demonstrated in field data and modeling results [Fang et al, 2012]. Considering that particle scavenging by rain (size-resolved scavenging coefficient) and particle dry deposition (size-resolved dry deposition velocity) are greater for coarse particles than accumulation mode particles [Petroff and Zhang, 2010;Wang et al, 2014], CPBM may contribute more than FPBM to the wet deposition budget.…”

Section: Estimation Of Gom Fpbm and Cpbm Contributions To Hg Wet Dementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although this gas-particle partitioning assumption is valid for most locations, the sources and formation of CPBM remain to be uncertain and could vary with location. The Hg mass fraction in coarse particles was also limited to 30% of the total PBM mass (i.e., C CPBM /(C CPBM + C FPBM ) ≤ 0.3) because previous studies have typically reported a lower Hg mass fraction in coarse aerosols than fine aerosols [Fang et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2014]. One exception is at two coastal/marine locations in New Hampshire, USA, that observed coarse Hg fraction (e.g., 0.5-0.6) during summer 2009 likely because of GOM partitioning to sea-salt aerosols.…”

Section: 1002/2015jd023769mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Mao

2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Relative contributions to mercury wet deposition by gaseous oxidized mercury (%GOM) and fine and coarse particle-bound mercury (%FPBM and %CPBM) were estimated making use of monitored FPBM air concentration and mercury wet deposition at nine North American locations. Scavenging ratios of particulate inorganic ions (K + and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Na + ) were used as a surrogate for those of FPBM and CPBM, respectively. FPBM and CPBM were estimated to contribute 8-36% and 5-27%, respectively, depending on the location, to total wet deposition. The rest of the 39-87% was attributed to the contribution of GOM. The average %GOM, %FPBM and %CPBM among all locations were 65%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. The relative distributions of %GOM, %FPBM, and %CPBM were influenced by Hg(II) gas-particle partitioning, urban site characteristics, and precipitation type. At the regional scale, %GOM dominated over %FPBM and %CPBM. However, the sum of FPBM and CPBM contributed to nearly half of the total Hg wet deposition in urban areas, which was greater than other site categories and is attributed to higher FPBM air concentrations. At four locations, %FPBM exceeded %GOM during winter in contrast to summer, suggesting the efficient snow scavenging of aerosols. The results from this study are useful in improving mercury transport models since most of these models do not estimate CPBM, but frequently use monitored mercury wet deposition data for model evaluation.

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“…Thus, it has short residence time of 1-2 days [1,7]. The residence time of PBM is dependent on the size of particles, but, generally, it has been assumed to be a few days [8,9]. The predominant form of Hg in ambient air is GEM due to its low solubility in water, small deposition velocity, and relatively low reaction rates; therefore, it can be transported long distances and is often considered as a global transboundary pollutant (residence time = 0.5-1 yr) [7,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Sources of Total Gaseous Mercury to Yongheung Island off the Coast of Korea

et al. 2014

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Abstract:In this study, total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were measured on Yongheung Island off the coast of Korea between mainland Korea and Eastern China in 2013. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the impact of local mainland Korean sources and regional Chinese sources on local TGM concentrations using multiple tools including the relationship with other pollutants, meteorological data, conditional probability function, backward trajectories, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) receptor modeling. Among the five sampling campaigns, two sampling periods were affected by both mainland Korean and regional sources, one was caused by mainland vehicle emissions, another one was significantly impacted by regional sources, and, in the remaining period, Hg volatilization from oceans was determined to be a significant source and responsible for the increase in TGM concentration. PSCF identified potential source areas located in metropolitan areas, western coal-fired power plant locations, and the southeastern industrial area of Korea as well as the Liaoning province, the largest Hg emitting province in China. In general, TGM concentrations generally showed morning peaks (07:00~12:00) and was significantly correlated with solar radiation during all sampling periods. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2014, 5 274

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Measurements of size-fractionated concentration and bulk dry deposition of atmospheric particulate bound mercury

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China

Characteristics of atmospheric mercury deposition and size-fractionated particulate mercury in urban Nanjing, China

Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Tracing Sources of Total Gaseous Mercury to Yongheung Island off the Coast of Korea

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