Measurements of skin surface temperature during mobile phone use

Anderson, Vitas; Rowley, Jack

doi:10.1002/bem.20282

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the EMW energy used in these studies is too high and greater than the EMW energy emitted by modern cell phones. Recent reports state that thermal effect of EMW emitted from commercial cell phones is negligible particularly at SAR < 2 Watt/kg (8,9,39). It is estimated that only a SAR value greater than 4 W/kg could result in a temperature increase of 1ºC.…”

Section: Thermal Effects On Male Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Agarwal¹,

Singh²,

Hamada³

et al. 2011

Int. braz j urol.

191

107

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Cell phones have become a vital part of everyday life. However, the health risks associated with their usage are often overlooked. Recently, evidence from several studies supports a growing claim that cell phone usage may have a detrimental effect on sperm parameters leading to decreased male fertility. Nonetheless, other studies showed no conclusive link between male infertility and cell phone usage. The ambiguity of such results is attributed to the lack of a centralized assay for measuring inflicted damage caused by cell phones. Study design, ethics, and reproducibility are all aspects which must be standardized before any conclusions can be made.

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Section: Thermal Effects On Male Reproductive Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Agarwal¹,

Singh²,

Hamada³

et al. 2011

Int. braz j urol.

191

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The distance of 2.5 cm was selected to mimic the close proximity of the testis to a cell phone in a trouser pocket (on talk mode) while a person is talking on a Bluetooth. Recent studies have shown that RF-EMW has no thermal effects at SAR <2 W/kg RF, 19,56,57 yet we monitored the samples at room temperature with a control in identical condition to eliminate other environmental influence on the changes in the semen parameters.…”

Section: Dna Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Waves and Its Effect on Human Ejaculated Semen: An in vitro Study

Veerachari¹,

Vasan²

2012

International Journal of Infertility &Amp; Fetal Medicine

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Mobile phones usage has seen an exponential growth recently. With this increasing demand, the amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposed is also increasing. Hence, we studied the effect of these radiations on ejaculated human semen and speculate the contribution of these harmful radiations in male infertility. Samples exposed to EMR showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) compared to unexposed group. We concluded that mobile phones emit electromagnetic waves which lead to oxidative stress in human semen and also cause changes in DNA fragmentation. We extrapolate these findings to speculate that these radiations may negatively affect spermatozoa and impair male fertility.

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“…Also skin temperature measurements over the phone use area revealed elevated temperature. Experimental studies show that skin temperature in the area of the ear of a person using mobile phone increases by 2.3°C to 4.5°C (depending on mobile phone type) [8,9]. It remains to be seen whether the use of mobile phones leads to changes in the brain temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in tympanic temperature during the exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone

Bortkiewicz¹,

Gadzicka²,

Szymczak³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objective: Mobile phones generate microwave radiation which is absorbed by exposed tissue and converted into heat. It may cause detrimental health effects. The aim of the experiment was to check if exposure to EMF emitted by mobile phone influenced the tympanic temperature. Material and Methods: Human volunteer study was performed on ten healthy young men, aged 22.1±4.7 years, examined three times: 1. on a day with 2×60 min of no exposure (sham day), 2. on a day with continuous, 60 min exposure and 60 min of no exposure, 3. on a day with intermittent exposure (4×15 min "on" and 4×15 min "off"). Exposure was generated by mobile phone (frequency 900 MHz, SAR 1.23 W/kg). The study was double-blind, performed under controlled conditions (at 24°C and 70% humidity). The tympanic temperature (T ty ) was monitored every 10 sec by a thermistor probe placed close to the aural canal membrane in the ear opposite the one in contact with mobile phone (contralateral position). Multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to calculate the results. Results: The mean T ty in the whole group during continuous exposure was significantly higher than during sham exposure (p = 0.0001). During intermittent exposure the temperature was lower than during sham day (difference was up to 0.11°C). Within an hour after continuous exposure, T ty was higher by 0.03°C and after intermittent exposure T ty was lower by 0.18°C in comparison with sham day. Two hours after exposure T ty was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than after sham exposure (0.06°C and 0.26°C respectively). The trends in T ty during experiment differed significantly in relation to exposure conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this analysis indicate that the physiological response to EMF exposure from mobile phone was mostly related to type of exposure (continuous or intermittent).

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Measurements of skin surface temperature during mobile phone use

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences

Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Waves and Its Effect on Human Ejaculated Semen: An in vitro Study

Changes in tympanic temperature during the exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phone

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