Measurements of the indium hyperfine structure in an atmospheric-pressure flame by use of diode-laser-induced fluorescence

Hult, Johan; Burns, Iain S.; Kaminski, Clemens F.

doi:10.1364/ol.29.000827

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…So far, most TLAF measurements have been performed at low repetition rates (of the order of 10 Hz) except in an early demonstration by Dec and Keller [6] who used cw-dye lasers pumped by high-power argon-ion lasers for indium excitation at up to 5 kHz repetition rates. Our group has introduced the use of extended cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) operating in the blue spectral region for TLAF measurements in flames [7,8]. Here, we demonstrate that ECDL excited TLAF can be used for highly accurate temperature measurement rates approaching 4 kHz.…”

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confidence: 84%

“…This eliminates problems caused by laser-mode noise on temperature measurements, which affected previous measurements [6]. It was also discovered that the indium absorption linewidth is of the order of 15 times larger than what had been assumed in [6] for the 410 nm transition at atmospheric pressure [7], which can cause systematic temperature errors. Furthermore, our single-detector approach [8] eliminates calibration error, since no temperature reference measurement is required.…”

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confidence: 92%

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High-repetition-rate combustion thermometry with two-line atomic fluorescence excited by diode lasers

Chrystie

Burns

Hult³

et al. 2009

Opt. Lett.

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/13713/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. We report on kilohertz-repetition-rate flame temperature measurements performed using blue diode lasers. Two-line atomic fluorescence was performed by using diode lasers emitting at around 410 and 451 nm to probe seeded atomic indium. At a repetition rate of 3.5 kHz our technique offers a precision of 1.5% at 2000 K in laminar methane/air flames. The spatial resolution is better than 150 m, while the setup is compact and easy to operate, at much lower cost than alternative techniques. By modeling the spectral overlap between the locked laser and the probed indium lines we avoid the need for any calibration of the measurements. We demonstrate the capability of the technique for time-resolved measurements in an acoustically perturbed flame. The technique is applicable in flames with a wide range of compositions including sooting flames.

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 92%

High-repetition-rate combustion thermometry with two-line atomic fluorescence excited by diode lasers

Chrystie

Burns

Hult³

et al. 2009

Opt. Lett.

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“…[15][16][17] An external cavity diode laser (ECDL, Toptica DL100-Pro) tuned to the 6 2 S 1/2 → 5 2 P 1/2 transition of indium was used to conduct laser-based measurements on TMI seeded flames, to obtain the distribution of indium atoms throughout the flame and the concentration. Shown in Figure 6 is a LIF image in the previously described TMI seeded conical flame taken with an intensified CCD camera.…”

Section: Imaging Using Laser-induced Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor phase tri-methyl-indium seeding system suitable for high temperature spectroscopy and thermometry

Whiddon

Zhou

Borggren

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Link to publicationCitation for published version (APA): Whiddon, R., Zhou, B., Borggren, J., Aldén, M., & Li, Z. (2015). Vapor phase tri-methyl-indium seeding system suitable for high temperature spectroscopy and thermometry. Review of Scientific Instruments, 86(9), [093107]. DOI: 10.1063/1.4930123 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Tri-methyl-indium (TMI) is used as an indium transport molecule to introduce indium atoms to reactive hot gas flows/combustion environments for spectroscopic diagnostics. A seeding system was constructed to allow the addition of an inert TMI laden carrier gas into an air/fuel mixture burning consequently on a burner. The amount of the seeded TMI in the carrier gas can be readily varied by controlling the vapor pressure through the temperature of the container. The seeding process was calibrated using the fluorescent emission intensity from the indium 6 2 S 1/2 → 5 2 P 1/2 and 6 2 S 1/2 → 5 2 P 3/2 transitions as a function of the calculated TMI seeding concentration over a range of 2-45 ppm. The response was found to be linear over the range 3-22.5 ppm; at concentrations above 25 ppm there is a loss of linearity attributable to self-absorption or loss of saturation of TMI vapor pressure in the carrier gas flow. When TMI was introduced into a post-combustion environment via an inert carrier gas, molecular transition from InH and InOH radicals were observed in the flame emission spectrum. Combined laser-induced fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy were applied to detect indium atoms in the TMI seeded flame and the measured atomic indium concentration was found to be at the ppm level. This method of seeding organometallic vapor like TMI to a reactive gas flow demonstrates the feasibility for quantitative spectroscopic investigations that may be applicable in various fields, e.g., chemical vapor deposition applications or temperature measurement in flames with two-line atomic fluorescence. C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.[http://dx

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“…The two ECDL systems presented here allow access to both the 5 2 P 1͞2 → 6 2 S 1͞2 and the 5 2 P 3͞2 → 6 2 S 1͞2 transitions in indium, at 410 and 451 nm, respectively. 29,30 This makes diode-laserbased flame-temperature sensing, employing a highresolution two-line atomic fluorescence 31 (TLAF) technique, possible for the first time. We have recently demonstrated accurate TLAF flame-temperature measurements, using these novel ECDL sources for excitation of indium atoms seeded at trace concentrations to flames.…”

Section: (C) and 4(d)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-bandwidth mode-hop-free tuning of extended-cavity GaN diode lasers

Hult¹,

Burns²,

Kaminski³

2005

Appl. Opt.

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We present a new approach for extended-cavity diode-laser tuning to achieve wide mode-hop-free tuning ranges. By using a multiple piezoactuated grating mount, the cavity length and grating angle in the laser can be adjusted independently, allowing mode-hop-free tuning without the need for a mechanically optimized pivot-point mount. Furthermore, synchronized diode injection-current tuning allows diode lasers without antireflection coatings to be employed. In combination these two techniques make the construction of a cheap, efficient, and easily optimized extended-cavity diode laser possible. A theoretical analysis is presented for optimal control of piezoactuator displacements and injection current to achieve the widest possible mode-hop-free tuning ranges, and a comparison is made with measurements. The scheme is demonstrated for blue and violet GaN lasers operating at approximately 450 nm and approximately 410 nm, for which continuous tuning ranges exceeding 90 GHz have been achieved. Examples of applications of these lasers are also given.

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Measurements of the indium hyperfine structure in an atmospheric-pressure flame by use of diode-laser-induced fluorescence

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

High-repetition-rate combustion thermometry with two-line atomic fluorescence excited by diode lasers

High-repetition-rate combustion thermometry with two-line atomic fluorescence excited by diode lasers

Vapor phase tri-methyl-indium seeding system suitable for high temperature spectroscopy and thermometry

Wide-bandwidth mode-hop-free tuning of extended-cavity GaN diode lasers

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