Measurements of the speed of sound in air-water flows

Costigan, George P.; Whalley, P.B.

doi:10.1016/s1385-8947(96)03169-5

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The motivation for the construction of effective all Mach number solver is twofold: on one hand it is relevant to accurately simulate waves in heterogeneous materials without small time step restriction suffered by explicit schemes, on the other hand such simulations can be adopted as a tool to validate homogenized models, which at a more macroscopic scale can be described as a homogeneous medium with different mechanical properties. For example, in air-water flows, for a range of values of the void fraction, the measured sound speed is lower than both water and air sound speed [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Linearly implicit all Mach number shock capturing schemes for the Euler equations

Avgerinos

Bernard

Iollo

et al. 2019

Journal of Computational Physics

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We propose a family of simple second order accurate schemes for the numerical solution of Euler equation of gas dynamics that are (linearly) implicit in the acoustic waves, eliminating the acoustic CFL restriction on the time step. The general idea is that explicit differential operators in space relative to convective or material speeds are discretized by upwind schemes or local Lax-Friedrics fluxes and the linear implicit operators, pertaining to acoustic waves, are discretized by central differences. We have compared the results of such schemes on a series of one-dimensional test problems including classical shock tube configurations. Also we have considered low-Mach number acoustic wave propagation tests as well as nozzle flows in various Mach regimes. The results show that these schemes do not introduce excessive numerical dissipation at low Mach number providing an accurate solution in such regimes. They perform reasonably well also when the Mach number are not too small.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Linearly implicit all Mach number shock capturing schemes for the Euler equations

Avgerinos

Bernard

Iollo

et al. 2019

Journal of Computational Physics

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“…Information regarding the physics of air bubbles in water, particularly relating to interaction with sound waves, has been studied by many (for example, see References [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]). There is a large amount of sound absorption that also occurs over certain frequencies, depending on bubble resonances and bubble size.…”

Section: Basic Air Curtain Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is argued here that the primary attenuation effect at low frequencies (hundreds of hertz and below) is due to sound reflection as a result of the large acoustic impedance mismatch presented by the bubble cloud rather than absorption. Interestingly, the acoustical impedance of water with bubbles (a so-called 'bubbly mixture') is less than that of either air or water alone [1], making it a good candidate for a sound barrier.…”

Section: Basic Air Curtain Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Design, Predictive Performance Modeling and Field Testing of Underwater Sound Attenuation Systems - A Review of Two Case Studies

Spence¹,

Dreyer²

2012

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

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This paper presents a review of two projects undertaken to design underwater acoustic barriers. While these barriers can be used to control noise from many sources the most immediate application would be to reduce noise from piles for bridge construction and repair and offshore wind turbine installations. The design considerations required during the development of underwater barriers are reviewed, including acoustical and structural design considerations, computer modeling of system performance, and realities of on-site deployment. Barrier performance data from the field or testing facility are also presented, along with observations from years of development and deployment in regards to "next steps" and suggested research paths for further investigation.

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“…At present, the main testing methods are probe technology and high-speed photography technology. As the probe techniques [24] require direct contact with the gas phase to measure bubble size and gas hold-up in the system, the measurement of bubble behavior characteristics based on high-speed photography has become increasingly important due to its merits of non-contact, instantaneous, and full-field measurement [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Bubble–Bubble Interactions during the Process of Free Ascension

2019

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The shape and rising behavior of the horizontally arranged twin bubbles in a steady liquid are experimentally studied employing high-speed photography and digital image processing, and numerically studied by the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method, in combination with a momentum equation coupled with a surface tension model. The movement trajectory and the velocity variation in horizontal and vertical directions of the horizontally arranged twin bubbles rising side by side, as observed in experiments, are described. According to the results, when two bubbles rise side by side, their horizontal velocity changes by the simple harmonic law; there is a cyclical process of two bubbles repeatedly attracted to and bounced against each other, rather than at constant distance between each other, and the bubbles swing up and down periodically in the water. The mathematical model and its numerical implementation are presented in detail. The validation of the model is confirmed by comparing the numerical and experimental results, which are in good agreement with each other; the numerical simulation can accurately reproduce the deformation, attraction, and repulsion of the bubble pairs. The phenomenon of attraction and repulsion is comprehensively analyzed from the viewpoint of a flow field. It is considered that the interaction between the bubbles is mainly influenced by the changes of the flow field due to vortex counteraction and wake merging effects.

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Measurements of the speed of sound in air-water flows

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Linearly implicit all Mach number shock capturing schemes for the Euler equations

Linearly implicit all Mach number shock capturing schemes for the Euler equations

The Design, Predictive Performance Modeling and Field Testing of Underwater Sound Attenuation Systems - A Review of Two Case Studies

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Bubble–Bubble Interactions during the Process of Free Ascension

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