Measurements of the viscosity of water under shock compression

Abstract

The results of measurements of the shear viscosity of shock-loaded water, obtained by the method of decay of perturbations on a corrugated shock front suggested by Sakharov et al. [1], are treated in the light of new data on the phase diagram of water. The experimental data on viscosity in the pressure range from 4 to 25 GPa are compared to the results of measurements by other methods. The high values of viscosity at high pressures are attributed to the formation a water-ice VII mixture under shock compression of water.

Shock Wave Perturbation Decay in Granular Materials

“…In contrast, Mineev and Zaidel [3] studied the liquids water and mercury. More recently, Mineev and Funtikov [4][5][6] have published additional results utilizing the technique.…”

Deformation Twinning of a Silver Nanocrystal under High Pressure

“…Although the water sealed inside DAC was expected to be solid ice-VI phase at 1.5 GPa [16,20], significant sample drifting and rotation were observed through tracking Bragg peak positions on the CCD detector. A previous study showed that the ice-VI phase has finite viscosity, and this value decreases to its minimum at the triple point of ice-VI and ice-VII [21]. The relatively low viscosity in our measurement condition allowed that nanocubes had freedom to move and/or rotate.…”

“…The Ice-VI phase was reported to have a finite viscosity, which decreases to the minimum value at the triple point of Ice-VI and Ice-VII. 21 The relatively low viscosity under our measurement condition apparently allowed the nanocubes to move and/or rotate inside Ice-VI environment. We observed that some silver (111) Bragg peaks brightened or dimmed, which is a signature of the sample drifting in and out of the X-ray beam, and some Bragg peaks traveled along the silver (111) Debye−Scherrer ring or rocked across the Bragg peak center, indicating that the crystal spun along different axes.…”

Application of Acoustic Waves to Investigate the Physical Properties of Liquids at High Pressure

“…At pressures lower than 1 GPa, the rheological properties of water, including viscosity, are essential for the investigation of hydrodynamic and heat transfer processes. At present, the rheological properties of water are used in designing power plants of some types, as well as in developing new technologies in the food industry and medicine where, in particular, the shock compression of water has come to be used to lithotripsy (Mineev & Funtikov, 2005). Direct measurements of the physical properties such as density, compressibility and isobaric heat capacity are very difficult under conditions of very high pressure.…”