Measurements of Time-Resolved Mass Injection Rates for a Multi-Hole and an Outward Opening Piezo GDI Injector

Dahlander, Petter; Iemmolo, Daniele; Tong, Yifei

doi:10.4271/2015-01-0929

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studying the mass flow behaviour at different back pressure levels enables hydraulic characterisation of the internal flow conditions. Once the flow is choked due to cavitation, which typically occurs in multi-hole GDI injectors [6], the mass flow rate becomes independent of back pressure and the rise of back pressure due to the injection no longer distorts the measurement result. The commercially available mass flow rate meter HDA by Moehwald GmbH [6,7] was used to determine the time-resolved, total mass flow rate dm/dt within this study.…”

Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the flow is choked due to cavitation, which typically occurs in multi-hole GDI injectors [6], the mass flow rate becomes independent of back pressure and the rise of back pressure due to the injection no longer distorts the measurement result. The commercially available mass flow rate meter HDA by Moehwald GmbH [6,7] was used to determine the time-resolved, total mass flow rate dm/dt within this study. To split the total mass flow rate into the separate contributions of the two individual spray holes (dm/dt = dm 1 /dt + dm 2 /dt), a recently introduced measurement setup featuring a mechanical separator guiding the flows into separate chambers of identical volume was used (Figure 1, left).…”

Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Miller

Leick

et al. 2021

ICLASS

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High-pressure multi-hole injectors for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines allow a flexible optimisation of the individual spray hole properties to specific engines and combustion strategies. One degree of freedom within this spray targeting process is the mass flow rate of each spray plume, which is mainly controlled by the corresponding spray hole diameter. As a first approximation, it can safely be assumed that the flow rate scales with the spray hole crosssectional area, but due to the complex flow pattern within the valve seat, some deviations are likely to occur. This was investigated using four specially designed real-size research injectors with two almost identical spray holes -except for their diameters, one of them constant and the other variable. Combining the results of spray-hole-individual mass flow rate and spray force measurements, the spray-hole-individual discharge coefficients can be separated into area and velocity coefficients. Under the choked flow conditions typical of GDI, the discharge and area coefficients increase while the velocity coefficients decrease as spray holes become smaller. At the same time, the flow inside the unaltered spray hole is affected as well, although the discharge coefficient remains constant because of reciprocal trends between the area and velocity coefficients.

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Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Miller

Leick

et al. 2021

ICLASS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, Toyota uses slit nozzles to generate a fan-shaped spray that exhibits wider dispersion and better atomization quality [43]. Piezo-driven injectors show much faster responses and higher control accuracy than solenoid-driven multi-hole injectors [44], although the high cost of piezo injectors has restricted their applications. In recent years, outward-opening piezo-driven nozzles have been utilized [45] in stratified charge models.…”

Section: Development Of Gdi Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Technology

Shuai

et al. 2018

Automot. Innov.

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are currently the dominant powertrains for passenger cars. With the implementation of increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulations worldwide, GDI engines are facing challenges owing to high particulate matter emissions and a tendency to knock, leading to a change in the research and design (R&D) issues compared with those in the twentieth century. This paper reviews the progress in research regarding GDI engine technologies over the past 20 years, focusing on combustion system configurations, and also highlights common issues in GDI R&D, including preignition and deto-knock, soot formation and PM emissions, injector deposits and gasoline compression ignition (GCI). First, an overview of recent developments in the field as driven by regulations is provided, following which progress in injection and combustion systems is examined. Third, the review addresses the occurrence and mechanism of deto-knock and considers means of suppressing this phenomenon. The fourth section discusses soot formation mechanisms and particulate matter emission characteristics of GDI engines and describes the application of gasoline particulate filter (GPF) after-treatment. The subsequent section summarizes studies regarding injector deposit formation, as well as pioneering research into GCI combustion modes. Finally, a summary and future prospects for GDI engine technologies are provided.

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“…This is due to the sacrifice of reproducibility and precision, and thus economic [31,70]. The injection rates of piezoelectric and magnetically driven injectors were studied and compared by Dahlander et al [71]. For short excitation times, they concluded that piezoelectric injectors delivered fuel more consistently than solenoid injectors.…”

Section: Gdi Fuel Injectors Description 251 the Advancement Of Gasoli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the behavior of gasoline direct injection GDI sprays during wall impingement under realistic engine conditions.

García¹

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Measurements of Time-Resolved Mass Injection Rates for a Multi-Hole and an Outward Opening Piezo GDI Injector

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Recent Progress in Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Technology

Experimental study of the behavior of gasoline direct injection GDI sprays during wall impingement under realistic engine conditions.

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