Measurements of upper ocean heat and freshwater budgets near a drifting buoy in the equatorial Indian Ocean

Godfrey, J. S.; Bradley, E. F.; Coppin, P. A.; Pender, Lindsay; McDougall, Trevor J.; Schulz, Eric; Helmond, I.

doi:10.1029/1999jc900045

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…edu/woce/docs/qchbook/qchbook.htm), • research cruises from French vessels (Weill et al 2003), and • research cruises in the Indian Ocean by the Australian R/V Franklin (Godfrey et al 1999). …”

Section: A General Discussion Of Flux Measurement Issues Is Given In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaflux

Curry¹,

Bentamy²,

Bourassa³

et al. 2004

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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143

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Satellite-based datasets of surface turbulent fluxes over the global oceans are being evaluated and improved.O cean surface fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum observed during field experiments show strong variability on temporal scales that range from the diurnal cycle to the life cycle of storms, and on spatial scales as small as that of an individual convective cloud. High-frequency variability (e.g., diurnal, storm scale) in tropical air-sea fluxes has been hypothesized to influence intraseasonal and interannual variability of the monsoon (e.g., Webster et al. 1998) and the Pacific Ocean warm pool and El Nino (e.g., Sui and Lau 1997;Fasullo and Webster 2000). At high latitudes, large variations in surface fluxes and sea surface temperature are seen in response to storms, which impact the temperature, density, and mixing in the upper ocean, further influencing the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics. Storm-scale events have been hypothesized (e.g., Marshall et al. 1998;Nardelli and Salusti 2000) to be associated with ocean convection in the high-latitude water mass formation regions, contributing to deep water formation and the global ocean thermohaline circulation. Ocean mixing induced by tropical cyclones might play an important role in driving the global ocean thermohaline circulation and, thereby,

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Section: A General Discussion Of Flux Measurement Issues Is Given In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaflux

Curry¹,

Bentamy²,

Bourassa³

et al. 2004

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

Self Cite

143

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, Fairall et al (1996a) implemented simple models for oceanic coolskin and warm-layer effects within their bulk flux model to enable accurate use of bulk water temperature data from ships and buoys. The resulting models have since been widely applied to estimates of the airsea heat flux and other ocean-atmosphere interaction studies (e.g., Wu et al 2001;Zhang et al 2000;Godfrey et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Oceanic Cool-Skin Corrections Using a Refined Solar Penetration Model

Wick¹,

Ohlmann

Fairall³

et al. 2005

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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The oceanic near-surface temperature profile must be accurately characterized to enable precise determination of air-sea heat exchange and satellite retrievals of sea surface temperature. An improved solar transmission parameterization is integrated into existing models for the oceanic warm layer and cool skin within the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) bulk flux model to improve the accuracy of predictions of the temperature profile and corresponding heat flux components. Application of the revised bulk flux model to data from 12 diverse cruises demonstrates that the improved parameterization results in significant changes to the predicted cool-skin effect and latent heat fluxes at low wind speeds with high solar radiation due to reduced absorption of solar radiation just below the surface. Daytime skin-layer cooling is predicted to increase by 0.03 K on average but by more than 0.25 K for winds below 1 m s Ϫ1 and surface irradiance exceeding 900 W m Ϫ2 . Predicted changes to the warm-layer correction were smaller but exceeded 0.1 K below 1 m s Ϫ1 . Average latent and sensible heat fluxes changed by 1 W m Ϫ2 , but the latent flux decreased by 5 W m Ϫ2 near winds of 0.5 m s Ϫ1 and surface irradiance of 950 W m Ϫ2 . Comparison with direct observations of skin-layer cooling demonstrated, in particular, that use of the improved solar transmission model resulted in the reduction of previous systematic overestimates of diurnal skin-layer warming. Similar results can be achieved using a simplified treatment of solar absorption with an appropriate estimate of the fraction of incident solar radiation absorbed within the skin layer.

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“…Comparatively few studies have focused on the Indian Ocean, although its Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) has large horizontal gradients, suggesting that salinity in this basin can also have an impact on the ocean atmosphere interactions. In addition, several in situ observations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean reveal the existence of a very thick BL (more than 40 m) [ Wyrtki , 1971; Eriksen , 1979; Godfrey et al , 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of salinity on the eastern Indian Ocean during the termination of the fall Wyrtki Jet

et al. 2003

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The impact of salinity and the barrier layer on eastern Indian Ocean dynamics is investigated using the OPA ocean general circulation model for 1979–1993. The study focuses on processes involved in the eastern Indian Ocean circulation during the period of the fall Wyrtki Jet. An exploration of interactions between salinity and ocean dynamics is made using a set of salinity sensitivity experiments. The inclusion of salinity favors a stronger Wyrtki Jet that extends further eastward in two steps. First, a sporadic barrier layer along the jet increases the jet speed by trapping wind momentum in a thinner mixed layer. Second, zonal advection transports the current maximum eastward and participates in the creation of a strong current front at the eastern edge of the jet during the following month. Off Sumatra, the sea surface salinity gradient, bordering the Indian Ocean fresh pool, strengthens when the Wyrtki Jet reaches this region. The pressure gradient associated with the enhanced salinity front then becomes larger than the eastward wind stress forcing in the zonal momentum equation. This initiates a westward surface current opposed to the wind stress. The later penetration of the Wyrtki Jet into the Indian warm and fresh pool modifies the sea level and favors geostrophic westward currents around 4°N. A combination of these mechanisms additionally favors a northward shift of the Wyrtki Jet. All these phenomena affect the zonal displacement of the Indian fresh pool and create SST anomalies of 0.5°C, in a region of high ocean‐atmosphere coupling.

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Measurements of upper ocean heat and freshwater budgets near a drifting buoy in the equatorial Indian Ocean

Abstract: Abstract. R/V Franklin followed a drifter for 8 days in the equatorial

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Seaflux

Seaflux

Improved Oceanic Cool-Skin Corrections Using a Refined Solar Penetration Model

Impacts of salinity on the eastern Indian Ocean during the termination of the fall Wyrtki Jet

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