Measurements of Vulnerability to Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Systematic Review

McCoy, Mary K.

doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1385334

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Efforts to generate a validated screening tool for DMST have often focused on the identification of involved minors, which may preclude the assessment of high-risk youth to prevent future victimization. 2 Conversely, universal screening methods, such as the HEEADSSS inventory, can overlook information that may be relevant for youth involved in DMST. 3 Utilizing clinical associations of DMST, pediatric providers can have a discussion with patients about commonly observed factors and potential involvement.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4 The strongest associations included minority race, LGBTQ orientation, history of household dysfunction, history of childhood maltreatment, and history of running away. 2 However, due to the lack of generalizability, these findings have not resulted in the development of standardized screening tools and clarification on which patients to screen. Health care provider awareness remains low with 63% to 83% of professionals acknowledging limited training on this subject 5,6 ; meanwhile it is estimated that up to 88% of survivors interface with a medical provider during the period of trafficking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST), a subset of human trafficking, is defined as any exchange of a sex act for goods involving a minor (ie, <18 years of age) citizen or legal resident of the United States within the borders of the United States. 1,2 Despite the emerging recognition and research regarding trafficking, consensus on epidemiology, risk factors, and screening guidelines, especially in the pediatric population, remains elusive. Prior literature attributes the difficulty in researching youth involved in DMST to the clandestine nature of the sex industry, variations in terminology, limited training of providers, lack of established standards of practice, and nondisclosures by many survivors.

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confidence: 99%

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Incorporating Clinical Associations of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Into Universal Screening of Adolescents

Raj

Baird

Moore

et al. 2019

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Incorporating Clinical Associations of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Into Universal Screening of Adolescents

Raj

Baird

Moore

et al. 2019

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…It is also not clearly defined which patients should be screened given that predictive validity of risk factors in the literature does not exist and true prevalence rates of DMST are unknown. 4 Patients may have unanticipated features of a trafficked minor (eg, living at home and doing well in school) and therefore are not screened. 2 Subpopulations of DMST-involved youth (ie, boys; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth; and preadolescents) may also be particularly difficult to identify.…”

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confidence: 99%

Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Guidance for Communicating With Patients

Goldberg

Moore

Barron

2019

Hospital Pediatrics

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Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is the "recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act" within domestic borders in which the person is a US citizen or lawful permanent resident ,18 years of age. 1 Over recent years, the perceived paradigm of youth involved in sex trafficking as mainly international criminals and prostitutes has shifted to domestic victims in need of services; this shift has been the result of increased knowledge and research. Potential indicators linked to DMST involvement are described in existing literature, such as runaway behaviors, substance use and/or abuse, dysfunctional home environments, and histories of child sexual abuse. 1,2 Moreover, victimization is associated with health consequences, such as recurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancies, and untreated chronic medical conditions. 1,2 In an effort to enhance prevention and identification, researchers have attempted to develop screening tools; however, there are limitations, such as small sample sizes, a lack of generalizability (eg, single geographic area), and no current valid and reliable tools. 3 A separate list of screening questions specifically for DMST may be seen by providers as time consuming, irrelevant, and disruptive in their practices. It is also not clearly defined which patients should be screened given that predictive validity of risk factors in the literature does not exist and true prevalence rates of DMST are unknown. 4 Patients may have unanticipated features of a trafficked minor (eg, living at home and doing well in school) and therefore are not screened. 2 Subpopulations of DMST-involved youth (ie, boys; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth; and preadolescents) may also be particularly difficult to identify. 5 Given these significant challenges, when a physician uses a universal adolescent risk screening tool (eg, HEADSS, the home education, employment activities, drugs, sexuality, and suicide screening tool), a conversation about DMST may be considered concurrently. 6 If a preadolescent or adolescent has a positive screen result for high-risk factors (Table 1), the following is a recommended guide for a conversation about DMST in the medical setting.Screening questions should be prefaced by establishing a bridge of understanding between the provider and patient. Researchers in a qualitative study who interviewed 21 sex-trafficking survivors identified that providers should normalize the situation through a nonjudgmental approach to remove stigma and shame from the trafficked person. 7 For example, a useful technique is leading with, "I have patients who are involved in selling or trading sex for things like (blank)." This blank can then be filled in with commodities that the evaluator deems potentially relevant to each youth on the basis of the evaluation. For instance, clinicians may discuss a place to stay if evaluating a patient who has run away or money for a minor who express financial conc...

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“…This is unfortunate as a robust understanding of risk is central to the development of high-quality and targeted prevention efforts (McCoy, 2017). Based upon a review of the literature on DMST risk factors, social work researchers should pay close attention to risks like juvenile justice involvement (Chohaney, 2016; Godsoe, 2015), child welfare (i.e., child protective services [CPS]) involvement (Cavazos, 2016; Countryman-Roswurm & Bolin, 2014; Reid, 2010), substance use or abuse and other mental health concerns (Reid & Piquero, 2014), and minority race (Butler, 2015; Choi, 2015; Ocen, 2015; Perkins & Ruiz, 2017) in trying to understand and develop DMST prevention strategies.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Victims’ Unmet Basic Needs as a Mediator in Trafficking Relationships: A Research Note

Twis

2019

Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service

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Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor American citizen or permanent resident within the United States. It is a human rights abuse and carries significant consequences for victims’ psychological, physical, and social health. To interrupt DMST victimization patterns, it is important for researchers and advocates to fully understand how victims’ vulnerabilities are exploited by different people in their lives, but investigations of DMST victim–trafficker relationships are largely unexplored in the literature. The purpose of this cross-sectional path analysis of archival data, therefore, is to explore the influence of victims’ unmet basic needs on their victimization within specific types of DMST relationships. The results of this study suggest that unmet basic needs may play less of a role in influencing victim–trafficker relationship type than might be hypothesized based upon broader understandings of human trafficking vulnerability.

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Measurements of Vulnerability to Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Systematic Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Incorporating Clinical Associations of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Into Universal Screening of Adolescents

Incorporating Clinical Associations of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Into Universal Screening of Adolescents

Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Guidance for Communicating With Patients

The Influence of Victims’ Unmet Basic Needs as a Mediator in Trafficking Relationships: A Research Note

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