Measurements on the muon flux at various zenith angles

Judge, R. J. R.; Nash, W. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02735520

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results have been compared to Monte Carlo [10] and of Gaisser [11]. The results agree with the predictions of of the simulations, while the semiemprical formulae have a restricted range of validity (Fig.3).…”

Section: Muon Flux Measurementssupporting

confidence: 69%

Investigation of cosmic ray muons with the WILLI detector compared with the predictions of theoretical models and with semi-analytical formulae

Mitrica

Sǎftoiu

Brâncuş

et al. 2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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Section: Muon Flux Measurementssupporting

confidence: 69%

Investigation of cosmic ray muons with the WILLI detector compared with the predictions of theoretical models and with semi-analytical formulae

Mitrica

Sǎftoiu

Brâncuş

et al. 2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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“…5-left compares the results obtained by semi-analytical approximation with those obtained with Monte-Carlo calculations and with WILLI and BESS data. The muon flux on surface can also be estimated by semi-analytical formulae of Nash [20] and Gaisser [21]. The validity of formula given by Gaisser [21] is restricted to muon energies > 10 GeV due the fact that the muon's free decay is not considered.…”

Section: Monte-carlo Simulation Of the Muon Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mobile detector for measurements of the atmospheric muon flux in underground sites

Mitrica

Margineanu

Stoica

et al. 2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Muons comprise an important contribution of the natural radiation dose in air (approx. 30 nSv/h of a total dose rate of 65-130 nSv/h), as well as in underground sites even when the flux and relative contribution are significantly reduced. The flux of the muons observed in underground can be used as an estimator for the depth in mwe (meter water equivalent) of the underground site. The water equivalent depth is an important information to devise physics experiments feasible for a specific site. A mobile detector for performing measurements of the muon's flux was developed in IFIN-HH, Bucharest. Consisting of 2 scintillator plates (approx. 0.9 m 2 ) which measure in coincidence, the detector is installed on a van which facilitates measurements at different locations at surface or underground. The detector was used to determine muon fluxes at different sites in Romania. In particular, data were taken and the values of meter water equivalents were assessed for several locations from the salt mine from Slanic Prahova, Romania. The measurements have been performed in 2 different galleries of the Slanic mine at different depths. In order to test the stability of the method, also measurements of the muon flux at surface at different elevations were performed. The results were compared with predictions of Monte-Carlo simulations using the CORSIKA and MUSIC codes.

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“…The angular spectra of cosmic muons are different for various locations on earth depending on its geomagnetic latitude, longitude and the altitude which have been extensively studied by various experiments [4,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. A comparison of the results in the current study with that of these various experiments is presented in table 2.…”

Section: Comparison Of Results With Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measurement of cosmic muon angular distribution and vertical integrated flux by 2 m × 2 m RPC stack at IICHEP-Madurai

Pethuraj

Datar

Majumder

et al. 2017

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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The 50 kton INO-ICAL is a proposed underground high energy physics experiment at Theni, India (9 • 57 N , 77 • 16 E) to study the neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL detector. An experimental setup consisting of 12 layers of glass RPCs of size 2 m × 2 m has been built at IICHEP, Madurai to study the long term stability and performance of RPCs which are produced on a large scale in Indian industry. In this paper, the studies on the performance of RPCs are presented along with the angular distribution of muons at Madurai (9 • 56 N, 78 • 00 E and Altitude ≈ 160 m from sea level).The primary cosmic rays originating from outer space mostly consist of high energy protons and a smaller fraction of other high Z-nuclei. The interaction of primary cosmic rays with the air molecules in the earth's atmosphere results in showers of secondary particles, which are mostly composed of pions (π + , π − and π 0 ), in the upper atmosphere. The neutral pion mainly decays via electro-magnetic interaction and produces 2γ while charged pions decay via the weak interaction leading to muons and neutrinos, π + → µ + + ν µ and π − → µ − + ν µ . Muons then decay through, µ + → e + + ν µ + ν e and µ − → e − +ν µ +ν e . INO will be an underground experiment to precisely measure neutrino oscillation parameters using signature of neutrino interactions. It will also determine the sign of the 2-3 masssquared difference, ∆m 2 32 (= m 2 3 − m 2 2 ) through matter effects, the value of the leptonic CP phase and, last but not the least, the search for any non-standard effect beyond neutrino oscillations [1]. About 28000 glass Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) [2] of size ∼ (2 × 2 m 2 ) will be used as sensitive detectors to measure energy and direction of neutrinos.At the sea level muons are the most abundant charged particles in cosmic rays. Most muons are produced high in the atmosphere (typically at altitude of about 15 km) and lose energy of about 2 GeV via ionization before reaching the ground. The primary cosmic rays are more or less isotropic but the observed muon angular distribution at various altitudes and latitudes follows the expression I θ = I 0 cos n θ, where I 0 is the vertical integrated muon flux(cm −2 s −1 sr −1 ) and θ is the zenith angle of muon. The exponent, n and I 0 depend on momentum cut off, latitude and altitude. The experimentally observed and Monte-Carlo (GEANT4) generated theta distributions are used to extract the exponent of the cosθ distribution in data at Madurai, India. The vertical flux is estimated from the integral of the theta distribution and normalised by selection efficiency, trigger efficiency, DAQ efficiency, solid angle coverage and integrated time for data collection. All detector parameters like efficiencies, multiplicities and position smearing are obtained from observed data, which are used in the Monte-Carlo event generation. This muon flux can be used as a input of neutrino generator for ...

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Measurements on the muon flux at various zenith angles

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of cosmic ray muons with the WILLI detector compared with the predictions of theoretical models and with semi-analytical formulae

Investigation of cosmic ray muons with the WILLI detector compared with the predictions of theoretical models and with semi-analytical formulae

A mobile detector for measurements of the atmospheric muon flux in underground sites

Measurement of cosmic muon angular distribution and vertical integrated flux by 2 m × 2 m RPC stack at IICHEP-Madurai

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