Measures of Foot Pain, Foot Function, and General Foot Health

Whittaker, Glen A; Munteanu, Shannon E.; Roddy, Edward; Menz, Hylton B.

doi:10.1002/acr.24208

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(421 reference statements)

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“…In the revised FFI (FFI-RL and FFI-RS) the scoring responses were converted into a four-point Likert scale, but the scoring method is, as far as we can see, not described specifically [ 13 ]. Other researchers have used the scoring method of the original FFI or only given a vague description of their scoring methods, and it is therefore difficult to interpret their results for comparison with our own [ 16 , 17 , 20 , 35 , 36 ]. We discussed the scoring of the FFI-RS with the developer and our own bio statistician who agreed that rescaling is one preferable option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FFI-RS has similar psychometric properties to the FFI-RL for internal consistency [ 12 ] and good test-retest reliability [ 16 ]. The responsiveness of the FFI-RS has only been reported on each subscale [ 19 ], and we are unable to find studies that report on the SDC, MIC or responsiveness of the total score of the FFI-RS [ 20 ]. We consider the FFI-RS to be more user-friendly as it is less burdensome for patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

“Psychometric properties of the Norwegian foot function index revised short form”

Mørk

Hoksrud

Søberg

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Foot disorders affect up to one quarter of the adult population. Plantar fasciopathy is a common cause of foot pain associated with decreased activity level and quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures are important in assessing the burden of a condition as well as in research on the effects of interventions. The Foot Function Index revised short form (FFI-RS) is a region specific questionnaire frequently used in research. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the FFI-RS into Norwegian and to test its psychometric properties. Methods The FFI-RS was translated into Norwegian (FFI-RSN) following international guidelines. 139 patients with foot disorders (88% with plantar fasciopathy) were included at baseline to measure internal consistency, explorative factor analysis, construct validity and floor and ceiling effects. 54 patients were included after 1 week for test-retest reliability and smallest detectable change analyses. 100 patients were included for responsiveness and minimal important change at 3 months. Results Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was 0.97 and factor analysis supported the use of the total score of the FFI-RSN. Two out of three predefined hypotheses were confirmed by assessing the construct validity with Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Quadratic weighted Kappa for test-retest reliability showed 0.91 (95% CI 0.86–0.96) and the smallest detectable change was 6.5%. The minimal important change was 8.4% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for responsiveness was 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.87). We found no floor or ceiling effects on the total score of the FFI-RSN. Conclusions The present study showed excellent reliability of the FFI-RSN and supports the use of the total score of the questionnaire. Furthermore, we found the FFI-RSN to have acceptable responsiveness in relation to change in general health. Smallest detectable change, minimal important change and responsiveness were presented as novel results of the total score of the FFI-RS. FFI-RSN can be used to evaluate global foot health in clinical or research settings with Norwegian patients suffering from plantar fasciopathy. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT04207164. Initial release 01.11.19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Psychometric properties of the Norwegian foot function index revised short form”

Mørk

Hoksrud

Søberg

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…For all subscales scores range from 0 to 100, with 0 indicating extreme problems and 100 indicating no problems. For the FOAS ceiling effects have been reported above 19% in all subscales thus ceiling effects will also be reported 18 . The FFI-5pt assesses the impact of foot pathology on function in terms of pain, activity restriction, and a mean total score 19 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the FOAS ceiling effects have been reported above 19% in all subscales thus ceiling effects will also be reported. 18 The FFI-5pt assesses the impact of foot pathology on function in terms of pain, activity restriction, and a mean total score. 19 The FFI-5pt is a validated patientadministered questionnaire which consists of 15 questions related to foot and ankle complaints.…”

Section: Patient Reported Foot and Ankle Complaintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot complaints pre-operative to primary total hip or knee arthroplasty

Malkus,

Piekaar,

Benard

et al. 2024

Current Orthopaedic Practice

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Purpose of the Study: Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of foot and ankle complaints and radiographic abnormalities, and their association in patients planned for total joint surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study of 183 patients, planned for total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Assessments included recording of polyneuropathy, previous trauma, foot deformities, and ankle range of motion (ROM); self-reported foot and ankle complaints; and radiographic severity of the foot and ankle joints OA. Results: In patients planned for THA and TKA, the proportions of patients with risk factors or using bespoke footwear ranged from 21-41%, whereas the proportions with clavus, hammertoes, and/or hallux valgus or rigidus varied between 1-17%. Although the mean foot function scores were good (median FAOS >93 and FFI-5pt 0), up to 24% of patients had a low score on one or more of the subscale scores. Prevalence of patients with signs of radiographic OA in foot and ankle were lower in THA than TKA patients, respectively. For the TKA group, we found an association between radiological scores and both self-reported measures of foot and ankle complaints. Conclusion: About a quarter of patients undergoing THA and TKA report some foot complaints, whereas 32-45% have signs of radiographic OA of foot and/or ankle. Since foot and ankle complaints have shown to have a negative effect on outcome of THA and TKA surgery, pre-operative optimisation concerning the foot complaints should be considered to support a more favourable outcome.

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“…Moreover, assessment of footwear difficulties is limited to only 1 item enquiring about self-consciousness regarding the type of shoes worn, which may not reflect broader footwear issues faced by patients. 53 Additionally, the MOXFQ is not as responsive to change for conservative podiatric interventions such as foot orthoses, as seen in a study comparing the MOXFQ against the FHSQ. 54 Other PROMs Similar to MOXFQ, FAOS and FAAM are region-specific PROMs used in podiatric surgical studies.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Podiatric assessment in children and adults with epidermolysis bullosa: are foot and ankle patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) able to measure the severity of podiatric involvement among EB patients?

Wong

Khan

Cowan

et al. 2023

International Journal of Women’s Dermatology

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Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a group of rare genetic skin fragility disorders characterized by (muco) cutaneous blistering upon minimal mechanical trauma. Ninety percent of EB patients experience podiatric symptoms which may affect physical functioning and emotional well-being. To date, an EB-specific podiatric assessment has not been outlined to guide clinicians in the assessment of EB podiatric involvement. This review describes the podiatric involvement of patients with EB and assesses the relevance of validated foot and ankle patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in measuring podiatric severity among EB patients. A literature review was conducted to identify systematic reviews and clinical studies investigating foot health and podiatric manifestations using validated foot health PROMs across foot and ankle conditions. Limited studies have documented the significance of podiatric involvement among EB patients. Existing EB-specific PROMs are not region-specific for assessing podiatric involvement. Among the foot and ankle PROMs, the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, Foot Function Index, and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire were identified as potentially appropriate for assessing podiatric severity among EB patients, each with its strengths and limitations in assessment. However, they have not been widely validated for assessing dermatology-related diseases. An evaluation of the relevance of each identified PROM to EB podiatric assessment would enable future development of an appropriate EB-specific podiatric assessment tool that would guide management.

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Measures of Foot Pain, Foot Function, and General Foot Health

Cited by 18 publications

References 220 publications

“Psychometric properties of the Norwegian foot function index revised short form”

“Psychometric properties of the Norwegian foot function index revised short form”

Foot complaints pre-operative to primary total hip or knee arthroplasty

Podiatric assessment in children and adults with epidermolysis bullosa: are foot and ankle patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) able to measure the severity of podiatric involvement among EB patients?

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