Measures Of Health And Production In Preweaned Kids In Pastoral Herds In Northern Kenya

A Retrospective Study on the Mortality Rate of Camel Calves, Leading Causes, and Associated Risk Factors in Borana Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

“…Of these, diarrhea was found to be the most common health issue that caused 57% of mortality, followed by nonspeci c diseases (45.4%) and respiratory diseases (23%). ese ndings are consistent with those reported by numerous studies in various regions of Ethiopia (Al-Juboori et al, 2012;Keskes et al, 2013) and neighboring nations (Gluecks, 2007;Njanja, 2007;Kuria et al, 2011). According to the pastoralists, infectious diseases that cause diarrhea and respiratory diseases are responsible for young livestock mortality between birth and weaning.…”

“…Burgemeister (1975) noted that in Tunisian herds, colostrum is actively provided to calves that fail to stand up promptly a er birth due to their perception that early intake is crucial. is study, however, di ers from that of Njanja (2007), who found that pastoralists who provided calves with unlimited access to colostrum reported that colostrum strengthened the calves and promoted their growth. Furthermore, competition for camel milk with calf mothers has led to signi cant mortality rates in Eastern Africa (Wilson, 1998;Farah et al, 2004, ).…”

“…is study found that 26% of calves died between February 2020 and January 2021. is showed that a signi cant issue in the pastoral livestock production system is young livestock mortality. is gure is signi cantly lower than the mortality rates of 60% reported by Bremaud (1969), Wilson (1984), Simpkin (1996), Kaufmann (1998), andNjanja (2007) in Northern Kenya, as well as the mortality rates of 32.5% to 35.2% in the Somali region and 50.2% in the Afdem District of Somali (Tsegaw, 2016), as well as 31.4% and 27.3 in Rendille and Somali, respectively (Kaufmann, 2000). ese di erences may be attributed to the various methods of calf handling aross pastoral environments.…”

“…e leading cause of stunted growth in camel calves is illness. Studies conducted by Simpkin (1996), Kaufmann (1998), andNjanja (2007) also identi ed illness as a signicant factor in pre-weaned camel calf mortality. Malnutrition in the form of inadequate feed or milk supplies can compromise the immunity of young livestock and expose them to various diseases, thereby exacerbating the high disease erefore, providing the calves with milk is crucial, especially during the rst three months of growth before they begin to graze.…”