Measures of Hope and Optimism

Bryant, Fred B.; Harrison, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00003-6

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Finally, our measures of hope are imperfect. HHI, which is one of several available hope indices (Bryant and Harrison, 2015 ), is a broad measure of hope encompassing three dimensions: temporality and future, positive readiness and expectancy, and interconnectedness (Herth, 1992 ). It is possible that results would differ if an alternative measure of hope were employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between hope, medical expenditure and survival among advanced cancer patients

et al. 2023

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IntroductionAmong those with advanced illness, higher levels of hope may offer physiological benefits. Yet, greater levels of hope may also encourage aggressive treatments. Therefore, higher levels of hope may lead to greater healthcare utilization, higher expenditure, and longer survival. We test these hypotheses among patients with advanced cancer.MethodsA secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional survey of 195 advanced cancer patients with high mortality risk linked to subsequent healthcare utilization (outpatient, day surgeries, non-emergency admissions), health expenditures, and death records. The survey collected data on hope, measured generally by the Herth Hope Index (HHI) and more narrowly by two questions on illness-related hope. Generalized linear regression and Cox models were used to test our hypotheses.Results142 (78%) survey participants died during the period of analysis, with close to half (46%) doing so within a year of the survey. Contrary to expectation, HHI scores did not have a significant association with healthcare utilization, expenditure or survival. Yet, illness-related hope, defined as those who expected to live at least 2 years, as opposed to the likely prognosis of 1 year or less as determined by the primary treating oncologist, had 6.6 more planned hospital encounters (95% CI 0.90 to 12.30) in the 12-months following the survey and 41% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio: 0.59, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.99) compared to those who were less optimistic. Secondary analysis among decedents showed that patients who believed that the primary intent of their treatment is curative, had higher total expenditure (S$30,712; 95% CI S$3,143 to S$58,282) in the last 12 months of life than those who did not have this belief.ConclusionWe find no evidence of a relationship between a general measure of hope and healthcare utilization, expenditure, or survival among advanced cancer patients. However, greater illness-related hope is positively associated with these outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between hope, medical expenditure and survival among advanced cancer patients

et al. 2023

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“…Expectations share substantial similarities with other cognitive constructs, such as optimism. Optimism refers to the favourable perceptions of a future outcome based on past experiences (Bryant & Harrison, 2015). Thus, a CNCP patient who is optimistic might have highly favourable expectations of treatment outcome.…”

Section: Operationalization Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a CNCP patient who is optimistic might have highly favourable expectations of treatment outcome. These two related constructs have an important distinction however in that the former is influenced by beliefs in one's personal responsibility for achieving the expected positive outcome whereas the latter does not make such attribution (Bryant & Harrison, 2015).…”

Section: Operationalization Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale

Pagé

Ziemiański

Martel

et al. 2019

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (TEC) scale, a brief measure of treatment expectations of chronic non‐cancer pain treatment. Design A cross‐sectional study design was used. Methods After conducting a literature review and expert discussions, a preliminary version of the TEC scale was developed. Cognitive interviews with 10 clinicians and 14 patients were conducted to examine the scale's face validity and item wording. Last, two hundred and five patients on the waitlist for a multidisciplinary pain treatment centre completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires to examine the TEC scale's reliability and construct validity. Mokken scale analysis was conducted to select the final items. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's lambda2) and construct validity (Pearson correlations) were assessed. Results The final scale was composed of nine items that each measured ideal and predicted expectations about process and outcome of treatment. Mokken scale analysis showed the presence of two subscales: ideal and predicted expectations. The TEC scale had good internal consistency (α = 0.876–0.869) and adequate discriminant validity as assessed by its low correlation with measures of depression, anxiety, and quality of life (r = −.038 to .114). The scale had however low correlation with a theoretically related measure of optimism (r = .240). Conclusion The TEC scale is a reliable scale measuring pain treatment expectation. Further evaluation of its psychometric properties is needed. The scale has the potential to deepen our understanding of the role treatment expectations play in chronic non‐cancer pain treatment response. What is already known on this subject? Expectations play a role in pain perception and the response to pain treatment Patients' expectations about pain and its management are associated with treatment satisfaction The absence of a validated tool to measure treatment expectations in chronic non‐cancer pain prevents further exploration and understanding of the role of expectations in the context of multidisciplinary pain treatment . What does this study add? A new, reliable 9‐item scale measuring treatment expectations among chronic non‐cancer pain patients attending specialized multidisciplinary pain clinics .

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Developmental antecedents of adolescent optimism in rural midwestern U.S. Latinx youth

Taylor

Kittrell

Nair

et al. 2019

Journal Community Psychology

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Aims Decades of scientific research have found optimism to have wide‐ranging effects on individuals' health and well‐being. Researchers have largely examined optimism in adults, but have begun addressing the benefits of optimism in adolescents. Challenges and stressors in adolescence can threaten youths' subjective well‐being; therefore, identifying factors that contribute to the growth of optimism could have important health implications. However, researchers have more often examined the effect of optimism on youth outcomes rather than factors that might positively or negatively contribute to the development of optimism. Methods We assessed how salient developmental tasks (resilience, ethnic pride, and school attachment), family stress, and depressive problems individually contribute to Latinx youths' optimism at two time points (N = 123, 58.8% female, M age = 11.54 years). Results We found support for associations between both resilience and school attachment and optimism, but findings were weaker across time and with stressors included in the model. Depressive problems also appeared to weaken optimism across time. Conclusion Given the established links between optimism and health, it will be important for researchers to continue to identify factors that contribute to the development of youth optimism, and assess whether they could be used in interventions to foster optimism.

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Measures of Hope and Optimism

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

The relationship between hope, medical expenditure and survival among advanced cancer patients

The relationship between hope, medical expenditure and survival among advanced cancer patients

Development and validation of the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain Scale

Developmental antecedents of adolescent optimism in rural midwestern U.S. Latinx youth

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