Measures to prevent transfusion-associated protozoal infections in non-endemic countries

Garraud, Olivier; Andreu, G.; Elghouzzi, M.H.; Laperche, Syria; Lefrère, J.‐J.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2006.01.010

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In recent years, Chagas' disease has become a public health concern in countries where the disease is not endemic due to immigration from areas where the disease is endemic (293,294,502,601,615). As such, the screening of solid-organ and blood donors for Chagas' disease has become increasingly important (92,193,220,379). In Canada and some European countries, blood and organ donors are required to fill out a questionnaire in relation to Chagas' disease, and individuals known to be infected are prohibited from donating organs (379,502).…”

Section: Trypanosomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY There are many neglected nonenteric protozoa able to cause serious morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in the developing world. Diseases caused by certain protozoa are often more severe in the presence of HIV. While information regarding neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatids and Plasmodium is abundant, these protozoa are often not a first consideration in Western countries where they are not endemic. As such, diagnostics may not be available in these regions. Due to global travel and immigration, this has become an increasing problem. Inversely, in certain parts of the world (particularly sub-Saharan Africa), the HIV problem is so severe that diseases like microsporidiosis and toxoplasmosis are common. In Western countries, due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these diseases are infrequently encountered. While free-living amoebae are rarely encountered in a clinical setting, when infections do occur, they are often fatal. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to the survival of patients infected with these organisms. This paper reviews information on the diagnosis and treatment of nonenteric protozoal diseases in immunocompromised people, with a focus on patients infected with HIV. The nonenteric microsporidia, some trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma spp., Neospora spp., some free-living amoebae, Plasmodium spp., and Babesia spp. are discussed.

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Section: Trypanosomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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“…Specifically, it may have deterred those who had been bitten by the triatomine bug and those who were diagnosed with Chagas from donating blood. However, the results of previous studies have suggested that the use of this type of questionnaire is of limited value [5,[32][33][34]. In the case of El Salvador, it is difficult to evaluate the degree of its impact because the questionnaire was introduced in the first year of the observation period of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood donors in El Salvador between 2001 and 2011

Sasagawa

Aguilar

Ramírez

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: El Salvador is regarded as a highly endemic country for Chagas disease, as evidenced by the relatively high estimated positive serology rate for Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to this high rate by analyzing changes in T. cruzi seroprevalence. Methodology: Secondary data were collected from 31 blood banks operated by the Ministry of Health, the Red Cross, the Institute of Salvadoran Social Security, and the Military Hospital. The data were analyzed to determine the number of cases of T. cruzi seropositivity, and the average prevalence of seropositivity by province. Simple linear regression was performed to identify trends in T. cruzi seropositivity. Results: Analysis of the 885,187 blood samples collected between 2001 and 2011 revealed 21,693 cases of transfusion-related infections, with a significant reduction of T. cruzi seropositivity from 3.7% in 2001 to 1.7% in 2011, reflecting a 54% decrease over the course of a decade (R 2 = 89.6%, p > 0.001). T. cruzi seroprevalence decreased in San Salvador, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Cuscatlán. In contrast, seroprevalence remained high with no decrease in Ahuachapán and San Vicente, and consistently low in the remainder of the country. Conclusions: Although the national prevalence of T. cruzi among blood donors has decreased, it remains high in the provinces of Ahuachapán and San Vicente. Strengthening vector control activities and developing an approach for the systematic follow-up of prospective blood donors with positive serology for T. cruzi are required, especially in areas with high seropositivity.

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“…Although it is not the only parameter used in endemic countries, epidemiological screening has been recommended as the first criterion at blood banks in non-endemic countries (Castro 2009), especially North America (O'Brien et al 2009) and Europe (Garraud et al 2007) where an expressive flow of immigrants from endemic countries of Latin American is observed (Schmunis 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases of transfusion-associated Chagas disease and vertical transmission have been documented in non-endemic countries such as the United States (O'Brien et al 2009), Canada (Comeau 2007), Spain (Piron et al 2008) and France (Garraud et al 2007) and were the subject of a workshop sponsored by the World Health Organization in Geneva in July 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%