Measuring a small nonreciprocity of the objects.

Abstract

In the paper the methods and features of measuring the small nonreciprocity of objects is considered. Several variants of nonreciprocity characteristics are proposed and the variant with most noise immunity is selected. A method of normalizing the chosen nonreciprocity characteristic is considered. It is shown that the exposure of nonreciprocity depends on the probing signals. It is noted that the main factor that limiting the bottom bound of the nonreciprocity measurement range is the difference of the impedances of input and output networks. If a calibration is absent and if the difference between the inductance of the input and output networks is of few tenths of nH, then at a test impact duration of about 50 ps the bottom bound of the nonreciprocity measurement range is of about 1%. The observation of nonreciprocity with a relative value of 3% has been performed experimentally.