“…Typical measures of attitudinal outcomes considered in the studies were self-assessments of attitudes toward ethnic groups (e.g., Europeans, Mexican-American, African-American; Tran, Young, & Di Lella, 1994), gender, social class, sexual orientation, language, ability and other differences (e.g., the Beliefs About Diversity scale; Middleton, 2002), or intercultural issues ( (Klak & Martin, 2003). Another example of an attitudinal measure that has been used in the past (e.g., Stella, Forlin, & Lan, 2007) includes the ATIES (Wilczenski, 1992). This measure assesses participants' attitudes toward including students in mainstream schools who have social, physical, academic, and behavioral learning needs.…”