Measuring body length of male sperm whales from their clicks: The relationship between inter-pulse intervals and photogrammetrically measured lengths

Growcott, Abraham; Miller, Brian; Sirguey, Pascal; Slooten, Elisabeth; Dawson, Stephen M.

doi:10.1121/1.3578455

Cited by 38 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sperm whales have been recorded off the US east coast [324][325][326][327][328], off Nova Scotia [329,330], around the Bahamas [331][332][333], around Bermuda [334], in the Caribbean [335][336][337][338][339], in the Gulf of Mexico [340][341][342][343], in Alaska [344][345][346][347][348], in the northeast Pacific [349], off Japan [350,351] around Hawaii [352], at the Galapagos Islands [173,353,354], at the Azores [355], off Scotland [356], off Norway [357][358][359][360][361], in the Mediterranean [362][363][364][365][366], in the South Pacific [367], in New Zealand [368][369]<...>…”

Section: Physeter Macrocephalus-sperm Whalementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals

et al. 2017

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The study of marine soundscapes is a growing field of research. Recording hardware is becoming more accessible; there are a number of off-the-shelf autonomous recorders that can be deployed for months at a time; software analysis tools exist as shareware; raw or preprocessed recordings are freely and publicly available. However, what is missing are catalogues of commonly recorded sounds. Sounds related to geophysical events (e.g. earthquakes) and weather (e.g. wind and precipitation), to human activities (e.g. ships) and to marine animals (e.g. crustaceans, fish and marine mammals) commonly occur. Marine mammals are distributed throughout Australia's oceans and significantly contribute to the underwater soundscape. However, due to a lack of concurrent visual and passive acoustic observations, it is often not known which species produces which sounds. To aid in the analysis of Australian and Antarctic marine soundscape recordings, a literature review of the sounds made by marine mammals was undertaken. Frequency, duration and source level measurements are summarised and tabulated. In addition to the literature review, new marine mammal data are presented and include recordings from Australia of Omura's whales (Balaenoptera omurai), dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima), common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), long-finned pilot whales (G. melas), Fraser's dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei), false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and spinner dolphins (S. longirostris), as well as the whistles and burst-pulse sounds of Australian pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata). To date, this is the most comprehensive acoustic summary for marine mammal species in Australian waters.

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Section: Physeter Macrocephalus-sperm Whalementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals

et al. 2017

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“…The IPI has been shown to correlate with the spermaceti length (Gordon, 1990;Rhinelander and Dawson, 2004) and with the overall body size (Antunes et al, 2010;Growcott et al, 2011; near broadside and 8.0 near endfire. Rectangular window was applied across the array aperture.…”

Section: B Inferring Sperm Whale Size From Ipismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each click exhibits a multi-pulse structure (Møhl, 2001;Norris and Harvey, 1972;Zimmer et al, 2004) arising from reflections of the acoustic signal generated by the phonic lips off the frontal and distal air sacs bounding the spermaceti organ of a sperm whale. The interpulse interval (IPI) provides a measure of the length of the spermaceti organ that has been shown to be strongly correlated with the size of a sperm whale individual (Antunes et al, 2010;Gordon, 1990;Growcott et al, 2011;Mathias et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2013;Rhinelander and Dawson, 2004;Teloni et al, 2007). Here we show that it is possible to distinguish and classify multiple vocalizing sperm whale individuals located in the far-field of a single, densely sampled, towed horizontal coherent hydrophone array system using the instantaneous sperm whale position estimates in both range and bearing, and the IPIs of the vocalized click signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using a coherent hydrophone array for observing sperm whale range, classification, and shallow-water dive profiles

Tran

Huang

Bohn

et al. 2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Sperm whales in the New England continental shelf and slope were passively localized, in both range and bearing, and classified using a single low-frequency (<2500 Hz), densely sampled, towed horizontal coherent hydrophone array system. Whale bearings were estimated using time-domain beamforming that provided high coherent array gain in sperm whale click signal-to-noise ratio. Whale ranges from the receiver array center were estimated using the moving array triangulation technique from a sequence of whale bearing measurements. Multiple concurrently vocalizing sperm whales, in the far-field of the horizontal receiver array, were distinguished and classified based on their horizontal spatial locations and the inter-pulse intervals of their vocalized click signals. The dive profile was estimated for a sperm whale in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine with 160 m water-column depth located close to the array's near-field where depth estimation was feasible by employing time difference of arrival of the direct and multiply reflected click signals received on the horizontal array. By accounting for transmission loss modeled using an ocean waveguide-acoustic propagation model, the sperm whale detection range was found to exceed 60 km in low to moderate sea state conditions after coherent array processing.

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“…The inter-pulse inverval (IPI) has been shown to correlate with the spermaceti length and with the overall body size ( [107,123,[160][161][162]). A moving-average window of time duration 1 ms was applied to the click energy time series, which had been beamformed to suppress ambient noise to determine the arrival times of each pulses and subsequently the IPI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal-spectral characterization and classification of marine mammal vocalizations and diesel-electric ships radiated sound over continental shelf scale regions with coherent hydrophone array measurements

Huang¹

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The passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (POAWRS) technology is capable of monitoring a large variety of underwater sound sources over instantaneous wide areas spanning continental-shelf scale regions. POAWRS uses a large-aperture densely-sampled coherent hydrophone array to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio via beamforming, enabling detection of sound sources roughly two-orders of magnitude more distant in range than that possible with a single hydrophone. The sound sources detected by POAWRS include ocean biology, geophysical processes, and man-made activities. POAWRS provides detection, bearing-time estimation, localization, and classification of underwater sound sources.The volume of underwater sounds detected by POAWRS is immense, typically exceeding a million unique signal detections per day, in the 10-4000 Hz frequency range, making it a tremendously challenging task to distinguish and categorize the various sound sources present in a given region. Here we develop various approaches for characterizing and clustering the signal detections for various subsets of data acquired using the POAWRS technology. km in diameter when employing a coherent hydrophone array. The current standard procedure for quantifying ship-radiated sound source levels via 1/3-octave bandwidth intensity averaging smoothes over the prominent tonals radiated by a ship that can stand 10 to 30 dB above the local broadband level, which may lead to inaccurate or incorrect assessments of the impact of ship-radiated sound.Sperm whales in the New England continental shelf and slope were passively localized and classified from their vocalizations received using a single low-frequency (<2500 Hz) denselysampled horizontal coherent hydrophone array deployed in Spring 2013 in Gulf of Maine. Whale bearings were estimated using time-domain beamforming that provided high coherent array gain in sperm whale click signal-to-noise ratio. Whale ranges from the receiver array center were estimated using the moving array triangulation technique from a sequence of whale bearing measurements.Multiple concurrently vocalizing sperm whales, in the far-field of the horizontal receiver array, were distinguished and classified based on their horizontal spatial locations and the inter-pulse intervals of their vocalized click signals.We provide detailed analysis of over 15,000 fin whale 20 Hz vocalizations received on Oct 1-3, 2006 in the Gulf of Maine. These vocalizations are separated into 16 clusters following the clustering approaches. Seven of these types are prominent, each acounting for between 8% to 16% and together comprise roughly 85% of all the analyzed vocalizations. The 7 prominent clusters are each more abundant during nighttime hours by a factor of roughly 2.5 times than that of the daytime.

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Measuring body length of male sperm whales from their clicks: The relationship between inter-pulse intervals and photogrammetrically measured lengths

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals

Review of Underwater and In-Air Sounds Emitted by Australian and Antarctic Marine Mammals

Using a coherent hydrophone array for observing sperm whale range, classification, and shallow-water dive profiles

Temporal-spectral characterization and classification of marine mammal vocalizations and diesel-electric ships radiated sound over continental shelf scale regions with coherent hydrophone array measurements

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