2014
DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01365d
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Measuring cellular forces using bis-aliphatic hydrazone crosslinked stress-relaxing hydrogels

Abstract: A covalently adaptable hydrazone-crosslinked PEG hydrogel is used to measure the force of extension exerted by motor neurites.

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Cited by 74 publications
(114 citation statements)
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“…The fast gelation is attributed to the rapid formation of dynamic covalent hydrazone linkages between the hydrazine and aldehyde groups at physiological conditions. [25, 35] Generally speaking, a fast gelation rate is desirable to prevent cell sedimentation and to enable homogeneous cell encapsulation within the matrix. [36] To evaluate if the gelation rate is fast enough for 3D cell encapsulation, neonatal bovine chondrocytes were encapsulated within the ELP-HA hydrogel, followed by Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy imaging.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The fast gelation is attributed to the rapid formation of dynamic covalent hydrazone linkages between the hydrazine and aldehyde groups at physiological conditions. [25, 35] Generally speaking, a fast gelation rate is desirable to prevent cell sedimentation and to enable homogeneous cell encapsulation within the matrix. [36] To evaluate if the gelation rate is fast enough for 3D cell encapsulation, neonatal bovine chondrocytes were encapsulated within the ELP-HA hydrogel, followed by Live/Dead staining and confocal microscopy imaging.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[25] Tri-Boc hydrazinoacetic acid (0.149 g, 0.37 mmol, 2 equiv. per amine) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF and activated with HATU (0.145 g, 0.37 mmol, 2.0 equiv.)…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Mismatch between these factors can lead to a non-supportive gel or a gel that essentially behaves as elastic. Second, the amount of cellular spreading observed in these types of gel can be very different depending on the cell type: for example, neurons show extensive axon extension 91,114 , but the spreading of mesenchymal stem cells is limited 68 . Potential reasons for this include the nature of cellular extensions (whether the cells are pushing or pulling on the matrix), and the architecture and connectivity of the hydrogel itself.…”
Section: Reversible Crosslinks For 3d Hydrogelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A gentle hydrazone bond crosslinking method was recently reported to synthesize HA hydrogels by reacting HA aldehyde with HA adipic dihydrazide (Oommen et al, 2013). However, macromolecular aldehydes used for the preparation of hydrogels based on hydrazone bond crosslinking still show cytotoxicity and might hinder the migration of cells, although they display better biocompatibility than small molecular aldehydes (Mckinnon et al, 2014). Significantly, a recent study indicates that the hydrogels formed via ketone-hydrazide crosslinking have better biocompatibility than those formed through aldehyde-hydrazide crosslinking (Patenaude, & Hoare, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 97%