Measuring cultural intelligence (CQ)

Abstract

Despite an increasing number of publications on cultural intelligence (CQ), the operationalization and conceptualization of this construct demand further attention. In this replication study among 308 experienced overseas Chinese respondents, a two-dimensional structure seems to better represent the data than the original four-dimensional CQ scale. The results of the analysis identify two new dimensions: internalized cultural knowledge and effective cultural flexibility, both of which exhibit satisfactory levels of reliability and validity. A series of regression analyses also provide assessments of the nomological validity of the new CQ dimensions in relation to their antecedents and consequences. KeywordsCultural intelligence, CQS, psychometric properties, discriminant validity 4 we analyze the relationship between the CQS dimensions and one of their most important outcomes, cross-cultural communication effectiveness, to embed CQ better within its nomological net. Finding evidence of a relation between CQ and one of its logically expected outcomes strengthens the validity of the CQS (Driel & Gabrenya, 2013). Third, we test CQS while controlling for several critical variables, such as interaction frequency, gender, and education. Without such controls, it would be impossible to disentangle the effect of CQ on communication effectiveness from the effects of the contextual variables.The results of our study also provide potentially critical managerial implications. A better measurement scale for CQ would be valuable for human resource managers in multinational firms, to help them select better candidates for oversea assignments and to assess the effectiveness of cross-cultural training. Cultural intelligence also is an important competency for cross-cultural teams, for which virtual communication across cultures requires effective CQ development. With an improved CQ scale, managers can further distinguish among personality, CQ, and EQ and thereby develop more focused training programs. Finally, it should enhance understanding of the relation between CQ and experience and the way unfamiliar experiences may develop and reshape people's identities.The remainder of this article is organized as follows: First, we provide an overview of relevant literature on CQ and the CQS. Second, we describe our method and present the results of our empirical tests of the original four-factor CQS. Third, on the basis of these results, we propose a revised two-factor CQ scale and test its psychometric characteristics and antecedents and outcomes. Fourth, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results and some directions for further research. AbstractDespite an increasing number of publications on cultural intelligence (CQ), the operationalization and conceptualization of this construct demand further attention. In this replication study among 308 experienced overseas Chinese respondents, a two-dimensional structure seems to better represent the data than the original four-dimensional CQ scale. The results of the anal...

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