Measuring Destination Competitiveness: An Application of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (2007)

Tourism destination competitiveness: an application model for the south of Portugal versus the Mediterranean region of Spain: COMPETITIVTOUR

“…For instance, and according to Mazanec and Ring (2011), there are open discussions on several factors, such as methodological issues, the composition of the indices, the use of variables, the comparability of countries on different development stages, the arbitrary weight of variables, the indices reliability and validity and its usefulness. According to Kayar and Kozak (2010), research to date failed to examine competitive factors from the perspective of how effective they are in determining the competitive position of a destination, or, in other words quantitative studies that aim to rank different competitiveness factors. Kozak and Rimmington (1999) consider that destination competitiveness can be evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.…”

“…Considering the economic impact of tourism, the tourism industry came to be regarded as a powerful economic source for many countries and regions all over the world (Kayar & Kozak, 2010), a specialization matrix in which the territories need to constantly brace and attract new demand flows but, simultaneously, must deal with carrying capacity issues even more stressed in stagnated life cycle destinations. Acting in a globalized and dynamic market, it becomes evident that the success of tourism destinations is influenced by their relative competitiveness (Enright and Newton, 2004).…”

“…Simultaneously, there is a substitution effect among destinations (Bornhorst et al, 2010), which implies that only what is comparable should be compared. Finally, it is an opportunity to examine the competitive factors from the perspective of how effective each one is in influencing the competitive position of a destination (Kayar & Kozak, 2010), highlighting the main strengths and constrains of destination competitiveness. Within this perspective, the analysis proceeds with the highlighting of the three most important problematic/competitive factors detected in the Algarve when compared to the 13 Spanish provinces under study; a detailed knowledge that is assumed in the COMPETITIVTOUR's positioning as having a higher importance for discussion than the unique global result of the index.…”

The Determinants of Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC): PLSPath Model of Structural Equation Modeling

“…He claims that although an attribute may be considered to be important, it will not be a determinant of TDC if there is little difference among destinations on the factors. Kayar and Kozak [17] made a study aimed on detecting the more and less effective determinants taking the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index 2007. Their finding reveals that the most effective factors of TDC were air transport infrastructure, natural and cultural resources, ground transport infrastructure, and health and hygiene, respectively.…”

“…To measure Composite Reliability the following formula of Henseler et al [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] A sound measure of internal consistency is a value greater than 0.6and hence all latent constructs of TDC satisfy the composite reliability measure (Table 8).…”